3 Salivary Glands/ Parathyroid

Question 1

Stensen’s Duct associated with which salivary gland?

Answer 1

Parotid Glands

Question 2

Wharton’s Duct associated with which salivary gland?

Answer 2

Submandibular glands

Question 3

Bartholin’s duct associated with which salivary gland?

Answer 3

Sublingual glands

Question 4

The parotid gland is __ to the ear and ____ muscle.

Answer 4

Anterior; SCM

Question 5

What is the sonographic feature that differentiates an intraparotid node from a parotid mass?

Answer 5

Hyperechoic hilum

Question 6

Which salivary gland is most affected by SIALOITHIASIS?

Answer 6

Submandibular

Question 7

Which Salivary gland is typically affected by acute supperative sialadenitis?

Answer 7

Parotid gland

Question 8

Most common sonographic feature of acute inflammation of the salivary glands?

Answer 8

Enlarged and hypoechoic

Question 9

What is sialosis? and what gland is it most common ?

Answer 9

Noninflammatory , nonneoplastic, reccurent, painless gland swelling, bilateral
Most common in the parotid gland.

Question 10

Autoimmune disease that occurs in middle-aged females causing cHRONIC inflammation

Answer 10

Sjogren syndrome

Question 11

Most common presentation with a salivary gland tumor?

Answer 11

Palpable lump

Question 12

Salivary gland most likely to present with malignant neoplasm

Answer 12

Submandibular or Sublingual gland

Question 13

Most common benign parotid neoplasm

Answer 13

Pleomorphic adenoma (mixed tumor)

Question 14

Pleomorphic adenoma sonographic feature

Answer 14

Solitary
unilateral 
slow growing
asymptomatic  
hypoechoic
well defined 
lobulated 
acoustic enhancment 
may contain calcifications

Question 15

Benign neoplams that affects elderly men?

Answer 15

Warthin Tumors

Question 16

Most common sonographic feature of Wharthin tumors

Answer 16

Hypovascularized, multiple anechoic areas, well defined , hypo, solitary, slow gorwing

Question 17

2 most common types of MALIGNANCY affecting the salivary glands

Answer 17

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma

Question 18

WHAT is the most common malignant neoplasm of the submandibular gland?

Answer 18

Adenoid cystic carcinoma

Question 19

What should raise suspicion of malignancy in a neoplasm ?

Answer 19

High systolic peak and high vascularization

irregular shape/boarders/hypoechoic

Question 20

How does a benign neoplasm differ from a malignant neoplasm?

Answer 20

Benign = slow growing and painless
Malignant = grow rapidly, tender or painful, maybe fixed to background and may cause facial nerve paresis or paralysis.

Question 21

PARATHYROID GLAND

Question 22

How many pairs of parathyroid glands are there?

Answer 22

2 pairs.. 2 superior and 2 inferior

Question 23

Parathyroid glands lie __ to thyroid gland

Answer 23

Posterior

Question 24

What is the typical dimension and shape of a parathyroid gland

Answer 24

1 x 3 5 mm, flattened and oval

Question 25

What is the echogenicity of a normal parathyroid gland compared to thyroid gland?

Answer 25

isoechoic

Question 26

Main physiologic function of the parathyroid glands

Answer 26

Endocrine regulator of calcium and phosphorous in extracellular fluid

Question 27

"false postive" in parathyroid exam means?

Answer 27

Structures Mistaken for parathyroid disease

Question 28

3 structures that maybe mistaken for parathyroid disease?

Answer 28

1. Longus Colli 2. Esophagus 3. Minor bundles

Question 29

What is the most common cause of PRIMARY hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 29

Benign parathyroid ademoma

Question 30

In primary hyperparathyroidism what serum levels are increased?

Answer 30

Calcium and PTH

Question 31

The most definitive treatment for hyperparathyroidism

Answer 31

Surgery

Question 32

What inherited disorder is strongly linked to parathyroid hyperplasia?

Answer 32

MENS syndrome

Question 33

Most common locations for ectopic superior and inferior locations for adenomas

Answer 33

1. Low neck 2. Mediastinum 3. Retrotracheal/retroesphogeal 4. Undescended carotid sheath 5. Intrathyroidal

Question 34

What are 2 causes of SECONDARY hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 34

Vit D and Chronic renal insufficiency

Question 35

Sonographic feature of parathyroid adenoma?

Answer 35

``` Oval hypoechoic homogenous solid can contain cystic areas ```

Question 36

Doppler pattern differentiate parathyroid adenoma from lymph node

Answer 36

Both hyper vascular Lymph= central vascularity adenoma = peripheral vascular arc

Question 37

What is the typical size and sonographic appearance of parathyroid carcinoma

Answer 37

Lobular contour, heterogenous, internal cystic components >2cm