1.10 IP Parameters for Client OS

Question 1

What is IP configuration?

Answer 1

Refers to the settings that enable network communication.

These settings include the IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS servers. Correct IP configuration is essential for a device to communicate locally and across the internet.

Question 2

Why is verifying IP settings important for network troubleshooting?

Answer 2

It ensures proper network communication.

This includes confirming the IP address, subnet mask, gateway, and DNS settings.

Question 3

What settings does an IPv4 host need to work correctly?

Answer 3

• DNS server IP addresses
• Default gateway (router) IP address
• Device’s own IP address
• Device’s own subnet mask

These settings are essential for an IPv4 host to communicate within its subnet and beyond.

Question 4

How many DNS servers should an endpoint typically know for redundancy?

Answer 4

at least two

Redundant DNS servers ensure that if one fails, the other can still resolve domain names, maintaining network connectivity.

Question 5

True or False:

The default gateway forwards packets to addresses outside the subnet.

Answer 5

True

The default gateway is used when a device needs to communicate with a destination that is not within its local subnet, typically routing traffic to the internet or another network.

Question 6

What must the host and the default router agree on?

Answer 6

The addresses inside the subnet.

This ensures that both devices are within the same network range, allowing communication between the host and the router for external traffic routing.

Question 7

What command is commonly used in Windows to display IP configuration?

Answer 7

ipconfig

ipconfig is a basic command in Windows used to view the network configuration, including the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway.

Question 8

What does the command ipconfig /all show in Windows?

Answer 8

• DNS server list
• DHCP status
• DHCP server IP address

The ‘ipconfig /all’ command offers more in-depth network information than ‘ipconfig,’ making it essential for troubleshooting.

Question 9

What are the two key routes created by a host using DHCP?

Answer 9

• A default route with the default gateway as the next-hop address
• A route to the subnet connected to the working interface

DHCP automatically configures routes, ensuring the host can communicate with external networks and the local network.

Question 10

True or False:

The ifconfig output in macOS shows the default gateway and DNS servers.

Answer 10

False

While ifconfig shows IP addresses and network interfaces, it does not provide DNS or default gateway information, unlike ipconfig /all in Windows.

Question 11

What is the subnet mask format shown by ifconfig in macOS?

Answer 11

Hexadecimal

In macOS, the subnet mask is typically shown in hexadecimal format, which needs to be converted to decimal for easier understanding.

Question 12

True or False:

A gateway of on-link means the destination is on the local subnet.

Answer 12

True

An ‘on-link’ gateway signifies that the destination address is within the same subnet, meaning no external router is needed to reach it.

Question 13

Fill in the blank:

The hex subnet mask 0xffffff00 converts to ________ in dotted decimal format.

Answer 13

255.255.255.0

Subnet mask conversion from hexadecimal to decimal is essential for understanding subnetting in IPv4.

Question 14

What command provides more detail than ifconfig on macOS?

Answer 14

networksetup

The networksetup command provides a more comprehensive view of network configurations and settings in macOS compared to ifconfig.

Question 15

What command does macOS use to list routing tables?

Answer 15

netstat -rn

netstat -rn displays routing tables and the active routes used by macOS to forward traffic.

Question 16

What command in macOS can be used to view network settings?

Answer 16

ifconfig

ifconfig provides detailed network interface information, including IP address and subnet mask on macOS systems.

Question 17

Fill in the blank:

In the macOS netstat -rn output, the default route is represented by ________.

Answer 17

default

Unlike in other systems where 0.0.0.0 is used, macOS shows “default” in the routing table to represent the default route.

Question 18

True or False:

The ping command checks if a host can communicate with a remote device.

Answer 18

True

The ping command helps verify if the host can reach the destination by sending ICMP Echo Request packets and awaiting a reply, making it a basic tool for network connectivity tests.

Question 19

What command is commonly used in Linux to show networking settings?

Answer 19

ifconfig

ifconfig is commonly used in Linux to view network interface configurations, though ip commands are now preferred in modern Linux systems.

Question 20

What library has replaced net-tools in Linux for networking commands?

Answer 20

iproute2

iproute2 replaces the older net-tools library, offering more advanced and flexible networking commands like ip and ss.

Question 21

What does the command ip address show in Linux?

Answer 21

Ethernet MAC and IPv4 addresses, along with the subnet mask.

ip address is part of the iproute2 suite, providing detailed interface and address information in Linux.

Question 22

What is the output of the netstat -rn command in Linux?

Answer 22

It lists the default route and the route to the local subnet.

netstat -rn provides routing table details in Linux, which can be useful for troubleshooting and verifying network settings.

Question 23

If a Windows client receives an IP address in the 169.254.x.x range, what should you check?

Answer 23

The DHCP server connectivity or manually configure the IP address.

APIPA indicates the client failed to obtain a DHCP address, suggesting DHCP server or network issues.