4.5 Syslog Features Flashcards
Summarize the use of syslog features including facilities and levels. (21 cards)
What is the primary purpose of syslog in network management?
To log and monitor system messages.
Syslog is used for recording messages related to the status and events of network devices, providing insights for troubleshooting and auditing.
What command is used to check syslog configuration settings?
show logging
The ‘show logging’ command displays the syslog settings, including the logging levels for various outputs such as console, monitor, and buffer.
What is syslog severity level?
It is a numerical value indicating the importance of a message.
Severity levels help prioritize syslog messages, allowing network administrators to quickly identify and respond to critical issues.
List the syslog severity levels from least severe to most severe.
7-Debugging
6-Informational
5-Notification
4-Warning
3-Error
2-Critical
1-Alert
0-Emergency
Debugging – Provides detailed information for troubleshooting.
Informational – General operational messages.
Notification – Alerts about normal operations.
Warning – Indicates potential issues that may require attention.
Error – Represents a problem that may affect functionality.
Critical – Severe issues that could cause major disruptions.
Alert – Immediate action required to prevent severe damage.
Emergency – System is unusable, requiring immediate attention.
True or False:
Syslog severity levels range from 1 (least severe) to 8 (most severe).
False
Syslog severity levels range from 0 (Emergency) to 7 (Debugging), with 0 being the most severe and 7 being the least.
What severity level is used for normal, less important messages?
6 (Informational)
Informational severity level is used for normal, less important messages that do not indicate any problems or critical conditions.
What is the meaning of severity level 0 (Emergency) in syslog?
It indicates critical system failure.
Severity level 0 (Emergency) represents the most critical messages, such as a system crash, requiring immediate intervention.
What does the severity level “Warning” in syslog indicate?
A condition that might lead to an issue.
Severity level 4 (Warning) signifies non-critical issues that should be monitored but do not yet indicate a system failure.
Fill in the blank:
The severity level for informational messages in syslog is ______.
6 (Informational)
Severity level 6 (Informational) is used for non-urgent, normal operation messages, such as successful task completions or system status updates.
Fill in the blank:
The syslog facility used for logging general system messages is ______.
user
The syslog facility is used for general system messages that do not fall into specific categories like authentication or kernel events.
What are three common fields found in a syslog message?
- Mnemonic
- Facility
- Severity
Mnemonic – A short code or name representing the event.
Facility – Identifies the source of the message (e.g., system, kernel).
Severity – Indicates the severity level of the message.
What format do log messages in Cisco IOS typically follow?
- Timestamp
- Facility
- Severity level
- Mnemonic
- Description
Timestamp – The time the message was generated.
Facility – Identifies the source of the message.
Severity level – Indicates the severity of the message.
Mnemonic – A short code or name for the event.
Description – A detailed explanation of the event.
How do you enable logging to the console at severity level 4?
Use the command ‘logging console 4’
This command configures the console to log messages with severity level 4 (Warning) and higher. Messages with a severity level of 4 or greater will be displayed on the console.
Why should syslog messages be forwarded to a remote syslog server?
To centralize log data
Forwarding syslog messages to a remote server helps centralize log management, making it easier to monitor, store, and analyze logs across multiple devices, ensuring no data is lost during device reboots.
What’s the difference between buffer logging and syslog server logging?
- Buffer stores locally.
- Syslog sends remotely.
Buffered logging saves logs in memory for local access, while syslog sends logs to a remote server for centralized management and long-term storage.
What does the “logging console” command do?
It sends syslog messages to the console.
The logging console command allows syslog messages of specified severity levels to be displayed on the console, aiding in real-time monitoring of network events.
List the types of syslog message outputs in Cisco devices.
- Console
- Monitor
- Buffer
- Syslog Server
Console – Displays messages directly on the device’s console.
Monitor – Shows messages to users logged into the device via terminal.
Buffer – Stores messages in the device’s memory for later viewing.
Syslog Server – Sends messages to an external syslog server for centralized logging.
True or False:
The logging monitor command displays log messages on the terminal.
True
The logging monitor command directs syslog messages to the terminal session, allowing remote users to monitor logs in real-time.
Describe the use of syslog in auditing and incident response.
Syslog tracks and logs events for security and analysis.
Syslog provides detailed logs that are invaluable for auditing, security monitoring, and responding to incidents, helping identify the cause of network issues or security breaches.
What command configures logging to a remote syslog server?
logging host {address | hostname}
The logging host command directs syslog messages to a specified syslog server by using its IP address or hostname, allowing centralized log storage and analysis.
Fill in the blank:
The syslog facility that logs authentication-related events is ______.
auth
The auth facility logs authentication events, such as login attempts and authorization failures, making it useful for monitoring security-related activities.
