3.3 IPv4 and IPv6 Static Routing

Question 1

Define:

static default route

Answer 1

A route for unmatched packets.

It’s configured with ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 [next-hop] in IPv4 and ipv6 route ::/0 [next-hop] in IPv6.

Question 2

List two key characteristics of static default routes.

Answer 2

• They can be configured using the ‘ip route’ command.
• They can be verified with the ‘show ip route’ command.

Static default routes provide a way to direct traffic when no specific route is available and can be easily checked for correctness.

Question 3

True or False:

A static default route uses the subnet mask 255.255.255.255.

Answer 3

False

A static default route uses the subnet mask 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 to match all destinations.

Question 4

What command confirms an IPv6 static default route was added?

Answer 4

show ipv6 route static

This command displays the current static routes in the IPv6 routing table, allowing verification of configurations.

Question 5

What does the routing table entry “S 0.0.0.0/0” represent?

Answer 5

A static default route.

The “S” indicates a static route, and 0.0.0.0/0 matches all traffic.

Question 6

Define:

static host route

Answer 6

A route that directs packets to a specific single IP address.

This is done by specifying a destination IP address with a /32 subnet mask in IPv4.

Question 7

What is the subnet mask for a static host route in IPv4?

Answer 7

255.255.255.255.

This mask specifies a route for a single IP address, ensuring the packet reaches exactly that destination.

Question 8

How do you add an IPv6 static host route?

Answer 8

Using “ipv6 route 2020:DBD8:53AB:0001::2/128 S0/0/0”

Setting a subnet prefix of /128 creates a route to a single IPv6 address.

Question 9

What type of static route acts as a backup in a routing table?

Answer 9

Floating static

A floating static route is configured with a higher administrative distance, allowing it to serve as a backup to a primary dynamic route.

Question 10

List the steps for verifying the configuration of a static route in IPv6.

Answer 10

1. Use show ipv6 route to check static routes.
2. Use ping or traceroute to test connectivity.

Verifying ensures the route is active and functional.

Question 11

True or False:

The ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 [next-hop] command is used to configure a static host route.

Answer 11

False

This command configures a default route, not a host route. A host route uses a /32 subnet mask.

Question 12

What happens if a static route has a higher administrative distance than a dynamic route?

Answer 12

The static route will be ignored unless the dynamic route is unavailable.

The administrative distance determines the preference of a route. If a static route has a higher administrative distance than a dynamic route, the dynamic route will be preferred unless it fails.

Question 13

What is the default administrative distance for a floating static route?

Answer 13

1

A floating static route has an administrative distance of 1 by default, but this can be adjusted to a higher number to make it less preferred than dynamic routing protocols (e.g., OSPF or EIGRP).

Question 14

True or False:

A static default route can only be configured with an IPv4 address.

Answer 14

False

Static default routes can be configured for both IPv4 (ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 [next-hop]) and IPv6 (ipv6 route ::/0 [next-hop]).

Question 15

Which command is appropriate for setting an IPv6 static network route?

Answer 15

ipv6 route 2020::2/64 2021::

This command specifies a static network route using an IPv6 address format.

Question 16

What’s the difference between an IPv6 and an IPv4 static network route?

Answer 16

• IPv6 Static Route: Uses the ipv6 route command.
• IPv4 Static Route: Uses the ip route command.

Both serve the same function of routing traffic to a network, but the syntax and addressing format differ.

Question 17

What command creates a static host route to a specific IP address?

Answer 17

ip route 10.0.0.12 255.255.255.255 172.16.0.4

A static host route directs traffic to a single IP address, requiring a subnet mask of 255.255.255.255.

Question 18

How do you configure a static IPv4 network route?

Answer 18

1. Use the command ip route [destination_network] [subnet_mask] [next-hop_ip].
2. Verify the route using show ip route.

The next-hop IP address or an outgoing interface is specified to reach the destination network.

Question 19

LIst three accurate statements regarding the configuration and verification of IPv6 network routes.

Answer 19

• The ‘ipv6 route’ command can define the next-hop router.
• Ping and traceroute can confirm static routes in IPv6.
• The ‘ipv6 route’ command can specify the local outgoing interface.

These statements emphasize the capabilities of the ‘ipv6 route’ command in managing IPv6 routing.

Question 20

What is the purpose of the show ip route command in static routing?

Answer 20

To display the routing table, including static routes.

It helps verify that static routes have been correctly configured.

Question 21

Fill in the blank:

A static IPv6 host route uses a subnet mask of ______.

Answer 21

/128

A /128 prefix length identifies a specific IPv6 address, just like a /32 prefix in IPv4.

Question 22

What are two outcomes of using the command ‘ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 S0/1/0’?

Answer 22

• It sets up a gateway of last resort.
• It creates a static default route.

This command establishes a fallback path for routing when no other routes are available.

Question 23

What command configures S0/0/2 as the gateway of last resort?

Answer 23

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 S0/0/2

This command designates S0/0/2 to handle all traffic not explicitly routed elsewhere.

Question 24

What command is used to establish a floating static route in a network configuration?

Answer 24

ip route 172.16.4.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.7.2 150

A floating static route allows for a static route to be less preferred than a dynamic route by assigning a higher administrative distance.

Question 25

What command **creates a floating static IPv6 route** with a higher AD?

Answer 25

ipv6 route 2020:8dbf:1111:2::/64 2020:8dbf:1111:3::3 130 ## Footnote Setting the administrative distance to **130** ensures this route is only used when the primary route is unavailable.

Question 26

What are the **benefits** of using floating static routes?

Answer 26

1. They provide redundancy in case the primary route fails. 1. They allow dynamic routing protocols to be preferred while keeping a backup route. 1. They help maintain network stability in failover scenarios. ## Footnote *Floating static routes* are designed to provide **redundancy** in routing tables, allowing for failover scenarios.