Urinary

Question 1

cystitis

Answer 1

inflammation of the urinary bladder

Question 2

pyelonephritis

Answer 2

inflammation in the kidneys due to UTI

Question 3

AV fistula vs AV graft

Answer 3

AVF - last longer loger healing time

AVG - ready to use quicker easier to impalnt

Question 4

dialysis vs CRRT

Answer 4

dialysis happens 3-4 times a week CRRT is continuous

Question 5

PT considerations renal
primary
general

Answer 5

primary 
◦ optimize safe mobility
◦ maximize activity tolerance
◦ prevent post-op complications
general
 Evaluating labs, monitor
◦ Awareness of cognitive changes 
◦ Reduced exercise tolerance - especially after RRT
 Pulmonary edema
◦ Multiple medical complications (DM, HTN)
◦ Referred pain ◦ Incontinence

Question 6

blood transfusion reactions

Answer 6

happen within 15 mins of transfusion

Question 7

endartectomy

Answer 7

removal of slcerotic material/ occlusive material

Question 8

peripheral vascular bypass graft

Answer 8

used to perfuse ischemic areas

Question 9

common spots of lymph nodes drain

Answer 9

axillary and inguinal

Question 10

R lymph gets what and goes into where

Answer 10

R upper chest and R hand and R face

drains into R subclavian/jugular

Question 11

L lymph system drains what and dumps where

Answer 11

driains all L side of body and R LE

into L jugular and L subclavian

Question 12

stemmers sign

Answer 12

can pick up the skin over the toes is a negative

cant pick up the skin over the toes is a positive

Question 13

functions of genitourinary

Answer 13

excretion of cellular waste
reg of BV
electrolyte reg
acid base balance
arterial BP

Question 14

kidney pain referral

Answer 14

T10-L1
lumbar spine ipsi
upper abdomen

Question 15

ureter referral pattern

Answer 15

T11-L2, S2-4
groin
upper and lower abdomen
suprapubic region
scrotum
medial and prox thigh
thoracolumbar region

Question 16

urinary bladder referral

Answer 16

T11-L2 S2-4
sacral apex
suprapubic region
throacolumbar

Question 17

dysuria
nocturia
hematuria
proteinuria
oliguria

Answer 17

dysuria - painful urination
nocturia - night urination
hematuria - blood in urine
proteinuria - urine appears foamy
oliguria - very low urine output

Question 18

Dx tests

Answer 18

urinalysis - detect GU and other systemic disease

creatinine - high kidney Dysfunction

GFR

Bun

high creatinine and BUN = impaired cog

Question 19

cystoscopy

Answer 19

look into the blader

Question 20

cystometry

Answer 20

motor and sensory function of the bladder

Question 21

acute kidney injury 
stages based on
1. pre renal
2. intra renal
3. post renal

Answer 21

stages based on creatinine levels and urine output

1. pre renal - decreased BF, hypovolemic shock or massive burns
2. intra renal - dmg to kidney themselves –> necrosis or rhabdo
3. post renal - tumors kidney stones ect

Question 22

chronic kidney

Answer 22

irreversible kidney dysfunction

determined by GFR

Question 23

urethritis

Answer 23

infection of the urethra

Question 24

diabetic nephropathy

clinical signs

Answer 24

primary cause leading to CRRT –> ESRD

microalbuminuria
decreased GFR
manifestation of AKI or CKD

Question 25

urinary incontinence
stress
urge
mixed
overflow
functional

Answer 25

stress - increased pressure leads to small leakage
urge - larger leakage occurs after delayed sensation of full bladder
mixed - combination of stress and urge
overflow - leakage of urine from mechanical forces or urinary retention from an overdistended bladder
functional - cog or physical impairments

Question 26

benign prostatic hyerplasia

Answer 26

enlarged prostate - can squeeze urethra

Question 27

renal replacement therapy
PD - peritoneal dialysis
HD - intermittent hemodialysis

Answer 27

PD - functional peritoneal cavity, ability of pt/caregiver to manage exchanges - can not clean

HD - very fatiguing, helps with fluid volume and cleaning