Oncology Flashcards
benign vs malignant
primary vs secondary
Benign: non progressive or recurrent
Malignant: growing worse, resistant to treatment, trending or threatening to produce death. Growing uncontrollably.
Primary tumor: original tumor in original location
Secondary tumor: metastases that have moved from the primary site
primary vs secondary vs tertiary disease prevention
Primary: direct avoidance or reduction in exposure to known carcinogenic factors
Secondary: screening, early detection, effective treatment
Tertiary: for individuals who have already been dx with cancer, screening of secondary malignancies. Treatment of existing cancer.
TNM system of cancer staging
T: extent (size/number) of primary tumor
N: lymph nodes involvement
M: presence or absence of metastasis
differentiated vs undifferentiated cancer cells
Differentiated cells: → low Grade
Benign tumor that reproduce at a higher rate than normal
Undifferentiated cells: → high grade (poor prognosis)
Malignant tumor un-capsulated, grow uncontrollably,
3 goals for cancer Tx
cure - chemotherapy, biotherapy, radiation, and/or surgery
control -enables extension of life when cure not possible
palliation - decreases tumor burden, improve quality of life, relieve pain
surgery vs radiation vs chemo
radiation - eradicate tumor cells - can cause pt skin to become fragile - INTENT TO CURE
surgery - high risk of cancer spreading into full organ - INTENT TO CONTROL/CURE/PALLIATIVE
chemo - targets all cells actively dividing - INTENT TO CONTROL
lab values to monitor w/ chemo
CBC
HgB and HCT
ANC
benefits of PT for pt undergoing chemo
increase ANC elevate VO2 improved mood decrease N/V increased NK cells increased strength and endurance
when to withhold or stop exercise chemo
At rest: HR > 100bpm, dyspnea, low diastolic BP
During exercise: abnormal BP response, abnormal fatigue, dizziness, nausea, pallor, excessive sweating
effects of chemo on ROM, strength, endurance, CV and pulm
ROM: Disuse of a joint following chemo
Strength: Can damage muscle or peripheral tissue
Endurance: deficits are documented after cancer treatment
CV:Can affect patients response to exercise
Pulmonary: Chemo agents can damage pneumocytes and the pulmonary parenchyma leading to destruction of alveoli and dilation of air spaces
ways to minimize cancer fatigue
give frequent rest breaks
monitor VS
promote aerobic and resistive exercise
match the level they are that day
post op mastectormy mobility concerns
limited ROM as a result of lymphedema
pt use abdominal support pillow
effects of chemo on hearing/vestibular, sensation, balance, mental health, fall risk
hearing –> Cisplatin, a chemotherapy drug, has been associated with both vestibular toxicity and ototoxicity
sensation –> chemo induced peripheral neuropathy
balance → can be due to neuropathy, dec SLS time, limitations is full tandem stance
mental health → depression, anxiety, distress
fall risk → can be due to neuropathy, impaired cognition and impaired balance
ABCDEs fo skin cancer
Asymmetry Border (irregular) Color (varied) Diameter (>6mm) Evolving (change in appearance)
post op issues following thoracic surgery lung cancer
Surgical procedure can cause lung deflation High level of pain May require O2 supplements May require chest tube placement Deep breathing exercises
