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cd 3303 > mTBI/Concussion > Flashcards

mTBI/Concussion Flashcards

1
Q

What are 4 red flag symptoms for can individual with a concussion?

A
  1. Focal neurological signs
  2. Mass effect
  3. Symptoms with a crescendo
  4. Symptom progression
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2
Q

If a concussion is suspected, what are the 7 components of a physical exam which should be done?

A
  1. Cognitive (MMSE, mini-cog)
  2. Vitals
  3. EENT
  4. CNs
  5. Gait and balance (BESS, Berg Balance Assessment)
  6. Peripheral NS (sensory, motor, reflexes)
  7. Autonomic NS
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3
Q

What 5 questions can help rule out red flags in the history when assessing a concussion?

A
  1. Was there head trauma?
  2. Was there LOC?
  3. Is there amnesia?
  4. Are there focal deficits/long tract signs?
  5. Are any drugs/alcohol involved?
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4
Q

What is Dejerine’s triad?

A

Worsening symptoms on coughing/sneezing/beniding

Symptom of increasing intracranial pressure

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5
Q

True or false: increased intracranial pressure is associated with bilateral headaches and vomiting with nausea

A

False - without nausea

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6
Q

In which positio would you expect an individual with increased intracranial pressure to have increased symptoms: seated or supine?

A

Supine

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7
Q

What is the cushing triad?

A

signs that are indicative of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)

Includes HTN, braycardia, and respiratory depression

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8
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respiration (rapid breathing followed by absent breathing) is associated with which type of head injury?
A) Supratentorial
B) Infratentorial

A

A

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9
Q 
Infratentorial injury is associated with which type of breathing
A) Hyperventilation
B) Hypoventilation
C) Cheyne-Stokes respiration
D) Kussmaul's respitation
A

A

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10
Q

Which is a better prognostic factor for a concussion: moving pain or static pain?

A

Moving pain (ie. the location of the pain changes day-to-day)

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11
Q

The acute care phase of concussion recovery phase should involve frequent _____________ and ___________ rest

A

Physical; cognitive

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12
Q

Concussion symptoms are considered unresolved when they last for more than _____ weeks

A

3

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13
Q

S&S of a grade 2 concussion

A 
Normal consciousness
Confusion
No post-traumatic amnesia
Unsteadiness/dizziness- 
Tinnitus
Headache
Symptoms last over 15 minutes
Difficulty concentrating
Recurring headaches
Irritability
Signs and symptoms may last several weeks
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14
Q

What are 2 high risk flags after a concussion?

A

High blood pressure

Poor concentration

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15
Q

What are 2 indications that neurological follow-up and neuropsychological interventions are needed after a concussion?

A
  1. Signs of affective symptoms (symptomatic sleep disruption, anxiety/depression, behavioural changes)
  2. Signs of unresolved functional symptoms (concentration, reading, listening to music, fears of busy/noisy environments)
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16
Q

What is the SCAT5 used for?

A

On-field assessments of concussions
Can be used in-clinic too
Can also be used preseason to obtain baseline

17
Q

True or false: SCAT5 can be used to make a diagnosis of concussion

A

False - only a screening tool

18
Q

What are the red flags for concussion according to the SCAT5?

A 
Neck pain/tenderness
Double vision
Weakness or tingling/burning in arms/legs
Severe/increasing headache
Seizure/convulsion
LOC
Deteriorating conscious state
Vomiting
Increasingly restless/agitated/combatative
19
Q

In a patient who is not lucid or fully conscious, a _______________ injury should be assumed until proven otherwise

A

Cervical spine

20
Q

What are Maddocks questions?

A
  • Which ground/ field/rink are we playing at?
  • Which team are we playing today?
  • Which half/quarter/period is it?
  • How far into the game is it?
  • Which side scored last?
  • Which team did we play last game?
  • Did we win last game?
21
Q

What are the key diffences between the SCAT5 and the child SCAT5?

A

Maddock’s questions are modified
Child’s report of symptoms obtained using child-specific symptom scale
Parent’s rating of child’s symptoms is obtains
Orientation testing is simplified (no time of day)
Concentration test simplified (start with 2 reverse digits, reverse days of week)
Modified BESS test (no single-leg stance)
Patient provided advice on return to school (not play) protocol

cd 3303 (24 decks)

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