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COT 1 (WPH) > 1.1 + 1.2 esophagus etc; 1.3 fem reprod - 1st wk embryo > Flashcards

1.1 + 1.2 esophagus etc; 1.3 fem reprod - 1st wk embryo Flashcards

1
Q

stains nuclei blue in H&E stain

A

hematoxalin

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2
Q

basophilic stain in H&E stain

A

hematoxalin

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3
Q

acidophilic stain in H&E stain

A

eosin

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4
Q

stains cytoplasm & connective tissue pink in H&E stain

A

eosin

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5
Q

PAS stain stands for

A

periodic acid-Schiff stain

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6
Q

PAS stains nuclei what color

A

blue

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7
Q

stains glycoproteins pink

A

PAS

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8
Q

stains basement membranes pink

A

PAS

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9
Q

stains laminin pink

A

PAS

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10
Q

stains microvilli pink

A

PAS

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11
Q

stains cellular and connective tissue different colors

A

Azan stain or another “trichrome stain”

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12
Q

approximate light microscope resolution?

A

~1 micron

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13
Q

typical light microscope section thickness

A

5-10 microns

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14
Q

endothelium

A

lines blood vessels

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15
Q

serosa

A

outer layer of an organ consisting of epithelial layer (mesothelium) and connective tissue layer

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16
Q

adventitia

A

outer layer of an organ consisting of connective tissue without epithelial layer

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17
Q

adventitia vs serosa

A

outer layer of organ – adventitia just connective tissue vs serosa connective tissue and epithelial boundary

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18
Q

layer surrounding all orifices, wet

A

mucosa

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19
Q

mesothelium (adult)

A

simple squamous epithelial layer covering all true serous membranes

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20
Q

smooth muscle layer nearest the lumen of the esophagus

A

muscularis mucosae

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21
Q

muscle layer adjacent to the serosa of the esophagus

A

muscularis externa

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22
Q

connective tissue subjacent to the mucosa

A

submucosa

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23
Q

non-mucosal smooth muscle circling the esophagus

A

inner circular layer

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24
Q

non-mucosal smooth muscle outside the inner circular layer, running longitudinally along the esophagus

A

outer longitudinal layer

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25
Q

lamina propria

A

connective tissue layer within the mucosa connecting the mucosal epithelium and the muscularis mucosae

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26
Q

the muscular layers of the esophageal muscularis externa

A

inner circular layer; outer longitudinal layer

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27
Q

three layers of the esophageal mucosa

A

mucosal epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae

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28
Q

what is the name of the muscular layer of a tubular organ if the muscularis mucosae is absent?

A

muscularis propria

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29
Q

what is the name of the muscular layer of a tubular organ if the muscularis mucosae is present?

A

muscularis externa

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30
Q

histological artifact

A

man-made structure created in processing

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31
Q

is mitochondria eosinophilic or hematoxophilic?

A

eosinophilic

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32
Q

why is it unusual to see the cell membrane by light microscopy?

A

thickness is small ~ 7.5 nanometers. LM resolution is ~ 1 micron

33
Q

why do cells sometimes shrink away from each other in processing? e.g. smooth muscle cells separating into fascicles

A

dehydration by immersion in increasing concentrations of alcohol

34
Q

name an anuclear cell

A

red blood cell

35
Q

name 9 tissue layers of the esophagus

A

from lumen out
mucosa: -epithelium, -lamina propria, -muscularis mucosae
-submucosa
muscularis externa: -inner circular layer, connective tissue, -outer longitudinal layer
-adventitious/serous connective tissue
-mesothelium (serous epithelium)

36
Q

name for the epithelial layer of the serosa

A

mesothelium

37
Q

glycogen, glycoproteins, proteoglycans – which 2 do PAS stain?

A

glycogen and glycoproteins, NOT proteoglycans

38
Q

difference between glycoprotein and proteoglycan

A 
glycoprotein = macromolecule containing glycogen and protein
proteoglycan = class of glycoprotein consisting of higher carb/protein ratios
39
Q

what are two modern names for fallopian tube?

A

oviduct; uterine tube

40
Q

two main functions of the ovary

A

oogenesis

hormone secretion

41
Q

2 hormones secreted by ovary

A

estrogen

progesterone

42
Q

3 regions of of uterine tube

A

fimbrae - sweep in oocyte from peritoneal cavity
infundibulum - funnel
ampulla - tube & usual site of fertilization

43
Q

3 layers of uterus

A

endometrium
myometrium
perimetrium

44
Q

2 layers of endometrium

A

functionalis - nurtures zygote or sloughs

basalis - stem cell layer

45
Q

functionalis

A

layer of endometrium that nurtures zygote in pregnancy or sloughs off in menstrual cycle

46
Q

basalis

A

stem cell layer of endometrium - not sloughed

47
Q

3 phases of menstrual cycle

A

menstrual
proliferative
secretory

48
Q

site of oocyte maturation

A

ovarian follicle

49
Q

progression of ovarian follicular development to ovulation

A
  • primordial follicle: oocyte surrounded by flat layer of follicular cells, developed before birth
  • primary follicle: growth; follicular cells become granulosa cells; zona pellucida develops. this stage begins at puberty
  • secondary follicle - fluid filled antrum develops within granulosa cells
  • graafian follicle - mature follicle chosen for ovulation, ~day 14 of menstrual cycle
50
Q

zona pellucida - what is it, when does it develop, when does it degenerate?

A

glycoprotein membrane surrounding the plasma membrane of an oocyte; develops in the primary follicle; degenerates for implantation

51
Q

3 innermost layers of an ovulated secondary oocyte

A

oocyte
zona pellucida
granulosa cells (corona radiata)

52
Q

fluid filled compartment that develops in the secondary follicle

A

antrum

53
Q

what is the name of the mature follicle just before ovulation?

A

graafian follicle

54
Q

structure between uterus and vagina

A

cervix

55
Q

male gamete is called:

A

spermatozoan

56
Q

female gamete is called:

A

oocyte

57
Q

contains enzymes to penetrate the corona radiata and zona pellucida of the oocyte

A

acrosome cap of the sperm

58
Q

reaction when sperm reaches plasma membrane of oocyte that prevents multiple sperm from entering oocyte

A

zona reaction – reaction of the zona pellucida

59
Q

when sperm and oocye nuclei exist in plasma before fusing they are called:

A

pronuclei

60
Q

fusion of sperm and oocyte results in a…

A

zygote

61
Q

12 cell embryo stage is called…

A

morula

62
Q

embryo is called a ______ when entering uterus

A

morula - 12 cell stage

63
Q

morula enters uterus ___ days post fertilization

A

3-4 days

64
Q

map from fertilization to implantation

A

zygote
2 cell stage
4 cell stage
12 cell stage - morula - 3-4 days post fert
blastocyst - implantation - 6 days post fert

65
Q

2 parts of blastocyst

A

embryoblast - inner cell mass - rise of tissues

trophoblast - outer cell mass - rise of placenta

66
Q

degenerates to allow implantation

A

zona pellucida

67
Q

embryoblast

A

inner cell mass of blastocyst - gives rise to tissues of embryo

68
Q

trophoblast

A

outer cell mass of blastocyst - gives rise to placenta

“trophe” = nutrition

69
Q

how many days post fertilization does implantation occur?

A

~6 days

70
Q

how many days into the menstrual cycle does fertilization typically occur?

A

day 14

71
Q

what phase of the menstrual cycle does fertilization typically occur?

A

proliferative phase

72
Q

tube of oviduct and typical site of fertilization

A

ampulla

73
Q

structure that sweeps in ovulated oocyte from peritoneal cavity

A

fimbrae

74
Q

funnel between the fimbrae and ampulla of oviduct

A

infundibulum

75
Q

oocyte surrounded by flat layer of follicular cells, developed before birth

A

primordial follicle

76
Q

growth; follicular cells become granulosa cells; zona pellucida develops. this stage begins at puberty

A

primary follicle

77
Q

fluid filled antrum develops within granulosa cells

A

secondary follicle

78
Q

graafian follicle

A

mature follicle chosen for ovulation, ~day 14 of menstrual cycle

COT 1 (WPH) (25 decks)

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