11.2 and 11.3 Notes

Question 1

any solid mass of mineral that occurs naturally

Answer 1

rocks

Question 2

three major types of rocks

Answer 2

igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic

Question 3

shows how rocks change from one type to another because of the interactions with water, air, and land

Answer 3

the rock cycle

Question 4

processes driven by what are responsible for forming both igneous and metamorphic rocks

Answer 4

heat from Earth’s interior (internal energy)

Question 5

weathering and the movement of weathered materials are external process powered by what

Answer 5

energy from the sun

Question 6

what type of rocks does weathering produce

Answer 6

sedimentary rocks

Question 7

what are rocks classified by

Answer 7

their origin, mineral content, and texture

Question 8

what are rocks usually composed of

Answer 8

one or more minerals

Question 9

conditions that existed when a rock is formed can be inferred from what

Answer 9

the rocks mineral content and texture

Question 10

how are sedimentary rocks formed

Answer 10

by the compaction and cementation of sediments

Question 11

how are igneous rocks formed

Answer 11

the solidification of magma

Question 12

how are metamorphic rocks formed

Answer 12

heat and pressure

Question 13

a process that squeezes or compacts sediments

Answer 13

compaction

Question 14

a process in which rocks are physically and chemically broken down by water air and living things

Answer 14

weathering

Question 15

the process of land being raised to a higher level

Answer 15

uplift

Question 16

when an agent of erosion - water, wind, ice, or gravity - loses energy it drops the sediments

Answer 16

deposition

Question 17

“Glue” takes place when dissolved minerals are deposited in the tiny spaces among sediments

Answer 17

cementation

Question 18

involves the removal of rock

Answer 18

erosion

Question 19

sedimentary rocks can be classified into three main groups based on what

Answer 19

the way that they form

Question 20

composed of weathered bits of rocks and minerals

Answer 20

Inorganic land-derived (Clastic Sediment)

Question 21

how are clastic sediments classified by

Answer 21

their particle size

Question 22

examples of inorganic land-derived sedimentary rocks

Answer 22

conglomerate - large grain size
shale with plant fossils -small grain size

Question 23

forms when dissolved minerals precipitate from water solutions (water usually evaporates or boils)

Answer 23

chemical sedimentary rocks

Question 24

examples of chemical sedimentary rocks

Answer 24

limestone and rock salt

Question 25

forms when shell fragments are cemented together or when plant remains are compacted into rock

Answer 25

organically formed

Question 26

examples of organically formed sedimentary rock

Answer 26

fossiliferous limestone and bituminous coal

Question 27

in undisturbed rocks, the oldest layers are found on the bottom and the youngest at the top

Answer 27

the law of superpositioning

Question 28

rocks formed along the beach or stream bed

Answer 28

ripple marks

Question 29

formed when wet mud or clay dried and shrunk, leaving a rock record of a dry environment

Answer 29

mud cracks

Question 30

traces of remains of ancient life (plants or animals)

Answer 30

fossils

Question 31

I know this is a sedimentary rock because I see or feel

Answer 31

sediments of sand, stone, shells, or fossils

Question 32

in what layers are sedimentary rock formed

Answer 32

flat horizontal layers

Question 33

the sedimentary rock layers on top are ____ than the layers below them

Answer 33

younger

Question 34

the sediments in a sedimentary rock are ___ than the actual rock

Answer 34

older

Question 35

sedimentary rocks formed by the evaporation of water they are made of the materials that are left behind

Answer 35

evaporites

Question 36

what contributes to the weathering of rock

Answer 36

water and colliding with other pieces of rock

Question 37

form from the evaporation of water (dissolved materials are left behind)

Answer 37

crystalline sedimentary rocks

Question 38

formed by the compaction and cementation of sediments

Answer 38

clastic sedimentary rocks