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Earth Science (Mine) > 8.5-8.7 and 8.8-8.9 Notes > Flashcards

8.5-8.7 and 8.8-8.9 Notes Flashcards

1
Q

the lifting or removing of loose particles such as clay and silt (small particles)

A

deflation

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2
Q

wind blown sand blasts exposed rock, smoothing and polishing them

A

Abrasion

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3
Q

Where is wind erosion more effective?

A

Deserts than humid regions

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4
Q

Wind can only pick up what size particles?

A

Small light particles

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5
Q

in deserts the arid sediments are?

A

lighter

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6
Q

in humid regions the sediments are

A

wet and heavier

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7
Q

as energy is lost, larger particles are dropped first then smaller materials

A

graded bedding

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8
Q

how does wind deposit sediment

A

graded bedding

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9
Q

deposition due to wind results in

A

small sorted particles (large on the bottom, smaller as you go up)

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10
Q

wind blown silt blankets in a region

A

layers of loess

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11
Q

sand accumulated in a mound
sand begins to accumulate wherever an obstruction crosses it’s path slows movement

A

sand dunes

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12
Q

gentle slope is on the

A

windward side

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13
Q

steep is on the

A

leeward side

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14
Q

sloping layers caused by sand being deposited on the sheltered side of a dune. These layers are inclined in the direction the wind is blowing

A

crossbeds

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15
Q

erosion of sediments by wind is most common in what climates and where

A

arid climates along shorelines

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16
Q

wind deposits consist of

A

fine grained well sorted particles

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17
Q

wind deposited sediments have a what appearance and what layers

A

frosted appearance and cross bedded layers

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18
Q

what moves sand dunes

A

wind

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19
Q

what can winds cause

A

sand-blasted bedrock

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20
Q

where the land and a body of water meet

A

shoreline

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21
Q

waves along the shoreline are constantly ______, ______, and ______ sediments

A

weathering, eroding, depositing

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22
Q

balance between erosion and deposition

A

coast lines

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23
Q

waves can throw thousands of tons of water against the shore causing cracks in the coastal structures

A

Wave Impact

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24
Q

waves hit the shore at a slight angle because of this refraction headlands (or land that sticks out into the ocean) receive more erosion and the bays (areas between headlands) receive more deposition

A

Wave Refraction

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25
Q

the grinding of rock fragment by the waves cause smooth rounded stones, pebbles, and shells to land on the shore

A

Abrasion

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26
Q

the longshore current shore flows parallel to the shore and moves large amounts of sediments horizontally along the coastline

A

longshore transport

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27
Q

shoreline features that are caused by the removal of sediment

A

erosional features

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28
Q

sediments moving along the shore are deposited in areas where the water slows

A

Depositional features

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29
Q

permanent land formation that forms between the mainland and the ocean

A

barrier beach

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30
Q

a temporary pile of sand at or above sea level

A

sand bar

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31
Q

deposition due to waves is usually ____ and _____

A

sorted and rounded

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32
Q

wave action rounds sediments as a result of

A

abrasion

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33
Q

wave action causes changes in shoreline features including

A

beaches, sandbars, and barrier islands

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34
Q

waves approaching a shoreline move sand _____ to the shore within the zone of breaking waves

A

parallel

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35
Q

longshore dirt moves sand along the beach in the direction of the

A

ocean current

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36
Q

mass movement (particles)

A

unsorted angular rock fragments

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37
Q

wind (particles)

A

small sorted particles

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38
Q

waves (particles)

A

sorted and rounded

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39
Q

thick masses of ice that form over thousands of years

A

Glaciers

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40
Q

ice that flows down mountain valleys at high altitudes

A

valley glacier ex. Alaska

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41
Q

ice that covers a large region where the climate where the climate is extremely cold, icebergs and ice ages

A

ice sheet ex. Antarctica

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42
Q

frost action loosens blocks of rocks and the glacier then lifts them away

A

plucking

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43
Q

the ice slides over the rocks like sandpaper

A

Abrasion

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44
Q

scratches left on the bedrock as the glacier moves over it

A

striations

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45
Q

deposition due to glaciers results in

A

unsorted and angular sediments

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46
Q

ice carves a wide valley pushing everything in it’s way

A

u-shaped valley

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47
Q

unsorted sediments left behind from a glacier

A

till

48
Q

ridges of till

A

moraine

49
Q

an oval shaped mound of till

A

drumlin

50
Q

a lake formed when the glacier begins to melt

A

glacial lake

51
Q

small lake formed when a chunk of ice becomes dislodged and then melts

A

kettle lake

52
Q

larges boulders dropped by melting ice

A

glacial erratic

53
Q

glacier sediments are

A

unsorted

54
Q

glaciers form what valleys

A

u-shaped

55
Q

glaciers leave behind

A

parallel scratches (striations)

56
Q

glaciers leave behind grooves in bedrock and parallel scratches (striations) from what

A

abrasion

57
Q

glacial features include

A

moraines, drumlins, kettle lakes, finger lakes, and outwash plains

58
Q

a block of ice left by a glacier will create

A

a kettle lake

59
Q

a teardrop shaped piles of sediments left by a glacier is called a

A

drumlin

60
Q

the movement of water in streams, rivers, and other channels

A

stream flow

61
Q

the course that the water flows

A

stream channel

62
Q

friction caused by

A

shape, size, and roughness of the channel

63
Q

less friction

A

faster

64
Q

more friction

A

slower

65
Q

the slope or steepness of a stream channel

A

gradient

66
Q

the volume of water that flows past a certain point in a given time

A

stream discharge

67
Q

variables that affect discharge

A

size of channel, velocity, climate

68
Q

a bend in a stream

A

meander

69
Q

streams ____ in gradient as it moves from it’s source to it’s mouth

A

decrease

70
Q

streams start

A

at higher elevations and move downhill

71
Q

upstream the

A

channels are smaller, rougher, and have more friction (slower)

72
Q

downstream has a higher

A

amount of water flowing through it (discharge)

73
Q

downstream has

A

channels that are wider, smoother, and have less friction (faster)

74
Q

downstream has

A

channels that are wider, smoother, and have less friction (faster)

75
Q

smaller streams that flow into larger streams

A

tributaries

76
Q

a primary agent of erosion

A

running water

77
Q

the speed of the stream depends on the ___ and _____

A

gradient (how steep the slope) and volume (discharge)

78
Q

sediments transported by streams tend to become

A

rounded as a result of abrasion by bumping into other rocks

79
Q

the size of the particle transported depends on the

A

stream’s velocity

80
Q

which particles settle first in water

A

heavy, dense, and round

81
Q

which particles slide and bounce along the bottom

A

sand and pebbles

82
Q

which particles are carried in suspension

A

silt and clay

83
Q

what is carried in a solution

A

minerals

84
Q

as the velocity increases the size of the sediment a particle can carry

A

increases

85
Q

as the amount of water in a stream increases (discharge) the velocity will

A

increase

86
Q

what is the area drained by a stream and it’s tributaries

A

watershed

87
Q

when a stream ends at a body of water the largest sediments are dropped first as the water ___

A

slows down

88
Q

which sediments go the farthest

A

the smallest

89
Q

what is sorting of sediments by a stream called

A

delta

90
Q

streams generally erode their channel by

A

lifting loose particles

91
Q

the stronger the current the more

A

erosional power it has

92
Q

sediments carried in a stream can erode solid rock by the process of

A

abrasion

93
Q

streams transport sediments by

A

solution, suspension, and bed load

94
Q

solution

A

dissolved materials

95
Q

floating materials travel as fast as the water (most common)

A

suspension

96
Q

large sediments that are transported by rolling or scooting

A

bed load

97
Q

the maximum load a stream can carry

A

capacity

98
Q

occurs as a stream flow decreases

A

stream deposition

99
Q

larger particles drop

A

first

100
Q

smaller particles drop

A

last

101
Q

stream _____ varies within a stream channel

A

velocity

102
Q

maximum velocity occurs on the _____ of channel bends

A

outside

103
Q

minimum velocity occurs on the ____ of bends

A

inside

104
Q

highest speed in center

A

straight section

105
Q

steeper on the left (erosion)
gentle on the right (deposition)
faster in the center of the deepest location

A

left meander

106
Q

steeper on the right (erosion) gentle on the right (deposition)
faster in the center of the deepest location

A

right meander

107
Q

a wide valley created when a river erodes the banks of it’s stream channel. the side to side cutting creates a flat valley floor

A

floodplain

108
Q

where deposition cuts off meanders this is formed

A

oxbow lake

109
Q

forms when sediment builds up at the mouth of a river because the water slows as it enters a larger body of water

A

delta

110
Q

streams form what shaped valleys

A

v-shaped

111
Q

stream deposits are

A

sorted round and smooth

112
Q

the velocity of a stream is greatest on the ___ of a meander

A

outside

113
Q

what occurs on the inside of a meander

A

depostion

114
Q

is the velocity fast or slow on the inside of a meander

A

slow

115
Q

what occurs on the outside of a meander

A

erosion

116
Q

is velocity fast or slow on the outside of a meander

A

fast

Earth Science (Mine) (10 decks)

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