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Earth Science (Mine) > 9.3 - 9.5 Notes > Flashcards

9.3 - 9.5 Notes Flashcards

1
Q

the amount of open space in soil (pore space)

A

porosity

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2
Q

the more cement between the particles the more or less pore space?

A

less pore space (porosity)

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3
Q

well sorted particles have more or less pore space (porosity) than unsorted soils

A

more pore space (porosity)

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4
Q

bedrock with more fractures or cracks has ____ pores than bedrock without many cracks

A

more

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5
Q

porosity is not affected by what

A

particle size

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6
Q

equal volumes of sorted sediment have

A

equal pore space

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7
Q

the ability of water to flow through a soil

A

permeability

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8
Q

the inability of water to flow

A

impermeable

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9
Q

permeability depends on

A

soil composition

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10
Q

more permeable, water flows easily from space to space, are what size particles

A

large particles

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11
Q

less permeable, it’s hard for water to find a path through the soil, are what sized particles

A

small particles

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12
Q

more permeable, plenty of open spaces that connect to each other are sorted or unsorted particles

A

sorted particles

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13
Q

less permeable, small particles fill up the spaces leaving little room for water to move are sorted or unsorted particles

A

unsorted particles

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14
Q

the amount, availability, and movement of groundwater depends largely on

A

permeability and porosity

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15
Q

as water permeates soil, some water molecules get stuck on the sediments and do not flow through. This is known as

A

retention

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16
Q

the ability of water to rise in small openings

A

capillarity

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17
Q

sorted large sediments and sorted small sediments have the same or different porosity

A

the same porosity

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18
Q

sorted particles have a higher or lower permeability

A

higher

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19
Q

does particle size affect porosity

A

no

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20
Q

as particle increases does permeability increase or decrease

A

it increases

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21
Q

the movement of water upward against gravity in small spaces

A

capillarity

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22
Q

sediments with smaller or larger spaces have more capillarity

A

smaller

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23
Q

porosity indicates

A

how much space is between the sediments

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24
Q

the seeping in of water into the soil to become groundwater

A

inflitration

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25
Q

the moving of liquid water on the surface of Earth

A

runoff

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26
Q

infiltration and runoff are

A

opposites

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27
Q

water that does not infiltrate the soil will

A

runoff into a larger body of water

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28
Q

as gradient decreases infiltration

A

increases

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29
Q

on a gentle slope there is

A

high infiltration low runoff

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30
Q

on a steep slope there is

A

low infiltration high runoff

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31
Q

infiltration and gradient have a

A

indirect relationship

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32
Q

gradient and runoff have a

A

direct relationship

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33
Q

as particle size increases the rate of infiltration

A

increases

34
Q

large particles more or less infiltration

A

more infiltration

35
Q

small particles more or less infiltration

A

less infiltration

36
Q

infiltration and soil size have a

A

direct relationship

37
Q

soil size and runoff have a

A

indirect relationship

38
Q

as particles go from unsorted to sorted the rate of infiltration

A

increases

39
Q

sorted has more

A

infiltration

40
Q

unsorted has more

A

runoff

41
Q

infiltration and sorting have a

A

direct relationship

42
Q

runoff and sorting have a

A

indirect relationship

43
Q

increased precipitation leads to increased

A

runoff (puddles)

44
Q

less rain leads to more

A

infiltration

45
Q

rate of precipitation and infiltration have a

A

indirect relationship

46
Q

runoff and the rate of precipitation have a

A

direct relationship

47
Q

as plant life increases runoff

A

decreases

48
Q

lots of plants means more

A

infiltration

49
Q

very few plants mean more

A

runoff

50
Q

amount of vegetation and infiltration have a

A

direct relationship

51
Q

amount of vegetation and runoff have a

A

indirect relationship

52
Q

water travelling down on top of the land in rivers and streams

A

runoff

53
Q

what soils are full of water

A

saturated

54
Q

what increases when the surface is impermeable

A

runoff

55
Q

when the soils are saturated they don’t allow water to enter which means

A

high runoff and low infiltration

56
Q

water that soaks into the soil

A

infiltration

57
Q

in order for infiltration to occur the ground needs to be

A

unsaturated and permeable

58
Q

if the rate of precipitation is greater than the rate of infiltration then

A

runoff will occur

59
Q

frozen surfaces don’t allow water to enter which means

A

low infiltration and high runoff

60
Q

steep surfaces don’t allow water to enter easily which means

A

low infiltration and high runoff

61
Q

permeable soils have

A

higher infiltration and low runoff

62
Q

paved parking lots are not permeable which means

A

low infiltration and high runoff

63
Q

fields and forests have lots of vegetation and allow water to enter the soil which means

A

high infiltration and low runoff

64
Q

pore space contains mostly ait

A

zone of aeration

65
Q

pore space contains mostly water

A

zone of saturation

66
Q

the water within the zone of saturation and moves through pore spaces

A

groundwater

67
Q

the groundwater moves more slowly when the pore spaces are

A

smaller

68
Q

permeable rock layers or sediments that transmit groundwater freely

A

aquifer

69
Q

form when the water table intersects the ground surface

A

springs

70
Q

water is heated by the cooling of igneous rock

A

hot springs

71
Q

a fountain of water and steam which shoots up from the ground

A

geysers

72
Q

a hole into the zone of saturation

A

well

73
Q

when groundwater rises on its own under pressure

A

artesian well

74
Q

what causes a drawdown (lowering) of the water table

A

pumping

75
Q

what can pumping form

A

a cone of depression in the water table

76
Q

when groundwater bonds with carbon dioxide and forms carbonic acid which dissolves rocks it forms

A

caves

77
Q

a common surface feature of karst topography

A

sinkholes

78
Q

the boundary at the top of the zone of saturation is known as

A

the water table

79
Q

what does more precipitation cause

A

an increase in the zone of saturation and raises the water table

80
Q

what removes water from the zone of saturation

A

using well water

81
Q

using well water does what to the water table

A

lowers the water table

Earth Science (Mine) (10 decks)

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