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CardioPulm > 11.21 D > Flashcards

11.21 D Flashcards

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1
Q

Which lipoprotein doesn’t express B48 or B100?

A

HDL

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2
Q

Which lipoprotein expresses B48 in place of B100?

A

chylomicrons

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3
Q

What is the function of apoB-100?

A

it is the ligand for LDL receptor

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4
Q

What is the function of apoB-48?

A

it is structural

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5
Q

What is the function of apoC-II?

A

it is an activator of lipoprotein lipase

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6
Q

What is the function of apoE?

A

it is a ligand for the LDL receptor

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7
Q

Which apoproteins are ligands for the LDL receptor?

A

apoE and apoB-100

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8
Q

apoE is included in what lipoproteins?

A

chylomicrons and HDL which don’t express apoB-100

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9
Q

What is the function of apoA-1?

A

an activator of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT)

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10
Q

What is the function of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT)?

A

esterify cholesterol for transport

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11
Q

What is the function of lipoprotein lipase?

A

hydrolyzes triglycerides into fatty acids for uptake into tissue

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12
Q

Where is LPL expressed?

A

in blood vessels

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13
Q

What is the function of hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL)?

A

to hydrolyze triglycerides that are arriving at the liver

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14
Q

What is the function of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP)?

A

to transfer cholesterol esters form one lipoprotein to another

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15
Q

What is the function of the ABC proteins involved in lipid transport?

A

they are resposible for the efflux of cholesterol from tissue into HDL

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16
Q

What is the function of SR-A?

A

it is found on macrophages for foam cell formation

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17
Q

What is the function of SR-B?

A

found on hepatocytes for HDL uptake

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18
Q

What is acid lipase?

A

a lipase found in lysosomes that functions at low pH to hydrolyze cholesterol

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19
Q

What is the function of LDL-receptor related protein?

A

uptake of cholesterol-loaded chylomicron remnants and HDL as well as the delivery of cholesterol to the liver for excretion

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20
Q

Dietary triglycerides get packaged into what lipoproteins?

A

chylomicrons

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21
Q

What is the basic role of chylomicrons?

A

to take dietary triglycerides to the tissues where LPL removes them, leaving a chylomicron remnant which then takes cholesterol to the liver

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22
Q

What carries fatty acids from tissue to the liver?

23
Q

What carries triglycerides from the liver to peripheral tissues?

24
Q

In what two ways is cholesterol excreted from the body?

Study These Flashcards
A

directly or as bile salts produced in the liver

25
Cholesterol leaves the liver packaged in what sort of lipoprotein?
a VLDL
26
What happens to VLDL remnants?
- uptake by hepatic LDL receptors | - hydrolysis by HTGL to form LDL
27
To go from a nascent HDL to a mature HDL, what enzyme is required?
LCAT
28
What are the two possible fates of HDL?
- transfer of cholesteryl esters to VLDL by CETP | - direct liver uptake of cholesteryl esters by SR-B1 receptor
29
The ABC transporters are important for what liver function?
bile acid production for biliary lipid secretion
30
What is the function of ABCG5/G8?
transport of cholesterol into canaliculi in liver
31
What is the function of ABCB11?
transport of bile acids into canaliculi in liver
32
What is the function of ABCB4?
transport of phospholipids into canaliculi in liver
33
What is the function of ABCA1?
export of cholesterol and phospholipids to lipid-poor apolipoprotein A1
34
What is the function of ABCG1?
promote efflux of cellular cholesterol to HDL particles
35
ABCA1 and ABCG1 are critical to what lipid metabolic process?
reverse cholesterol transport via HDL
36
Reverse cholesterol transport is mediated by what lipoprotein?
HDL
37
What genetic defects would lead to high LDL cholesterol?
apoB, apoE, or LDL receptor defects
38
What genetic defects would lead to low HDL cholesterol levels?
apoA-1 or ABCA1
39
What genetic defects would cause VLDL or chylomicron triglyceride levels to be high?
defects in apoC-II (activator of LPL), LPL, or LCAT (esterifies cholesterol for packing into HDL)
40
What genetic defect would lead to high levels of chylomicron remnants and intermediate density lipoproteins?
apoE which is a hepatic LDL receptor for VLDL remnants and IDLs
41
What happens to plasma LDL that is not taken up by hepatic LDL receptors?
it migrates into vascular intima to be taken up by scavenger receptors
42
HDL is important and beneficial because it performs what function?
draws free cholesterol from cholesterol-rich cells
43
HDL is synthesized where?
in the liver and intestine
44
HDL decreases the among of cholesterol available for tissue deposition by doing what?
removing it from macrophages and promoting its return to the liver
45
When testing for lipoprotein disorders, you should measure ____ when?
serum lipids after a 10 hour fast
46
Primary hypertriglyceridemia is characterized by what?
high triglycerides
47
What is the most common form of primary hypertriglyceridemia?
familial hypertriglyceridemia of unknown genetic cause
48
What are two rare primary hypertriglyceridemias?
- familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency | - apoC-II deficiency
49
Familial hypercholesterolemia is due to what genetic defect?
the LDL receptor
50
When do cholesterol levels get elevated in someone with familial hypercholesterolemia?
at birth
51
When do triglyceride levels get elevated in someone with familial hypertriglyceridemia?
upon weight gain, aging, onset of diabetes, etc.
52
What are cutaneous xantomas?
cholesterol deposits seen in those with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
53
What is dysbetalipoproteinemia due to?
a defect in apoE causing a rise in chylomicrons and IDL-like particles
54
Tangier disease is due to what deficiency?
ABCA1, which is responsible for HDL formation

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