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CardioPulm > 11.21 D > Flashcards

11.21 D Flashcards

1
Q

Which lipoprotein doesn’t express B48 or B100?

A

HDL

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2
Q

Which lipoprotein expresses B48 in place of B100?

A

chylomicrons

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3
Q

What is the function of apoB-100?

A

it is the ligand for LDL receptor

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4
Q

What is the function of apoB-48?

A

it is structural

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5
Q

What is the function of apoC-II?

A

it is an activator of lipoprotein lipase

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6
Q

What is the function of apoE?

A

it is a ligand for the LDL receptor

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7
Q

Which apoproteins are ligands for the LDL receptor?

A

apoE and apoB-100

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8
Q

apoE is included in what lipoproteins?

A

chylomicrons and HDL which don’t express apoB-100

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9
Q

What is the function of apoA-1?

A

an activator of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT)

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10
Q

What is the function of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT)?

A

esterify cholesterol for transport

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11
Q

What is the function of lipoprotein lipase?

A

hydrolyzes triglycerides into fatty acids for uptake into tissue

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12
Q

Where is LPL expressed?

A

in blood vessels

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13
Q

What is the function of hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL)?

A

to hydrolyze triglycerides that are arriving at the liver

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14
Q

What is the function of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP)?

A

to transfer cholesterol esters form one lipoprotein to another

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15
Q

What is the function of the ABC proteins involved in lipid transport?

A

they are resposible for the efflux of cholesterol from tissue into HDL

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16
Q

What is the function of SR-A?

A

it is found on macrophages for foam cell formation

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17
Q

What is the function of SR-B?

A

found on hepatocytes for HDL uptake

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18
Q

What is acid lipase?

A

a lipase found in lysosomes that functions at low pH to hydrolyze cholesterol

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19
Q

What is the function of LDL-receptor related protein?

A

uptake of cholesterol-loaded chylomicron remnants and HDL as well as the delivery of cholesterol to the liver for excretion

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20
Q

Dietary triglycerides get packaged into what lipoproteins?

A

chylomicrons

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21
Q

What is the basic role of chylomicrons?

A

to take dietary triglycerides to the tissues where LPL removes them, leaving a chylomicron remnant which then takes cholesterol to the liver

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22
Q

What carries fatty acids from tissue to the liver?

A

albumin

23
Q

What carries triglycerides from the liver to peripheral tissues?

A

VLDL

24
Q

In what two ways is cholesterol excreted from the body?

A

directly or as bile salts produced in the liver

25
Q

Cholesterol leaves the liver packaged in what sort of lipoprotein?

A

a VLDL

26
Q

What happens to VLDL remnants?

A
  • uptake by hepatic LDL receptors

- hydrolysis by HTGL to form LDL

27
Q

To go from a nascent HDL to a mature HDL, what enzyme is required?

A

LCAT

28
Q

What are the two possible fates of HDL?

A
  • transfer of cholesteryl esters to VLDL by CETP

- direct liver uptake of cholesteryl esters by SR-B1 receptor

29
Q

The ABC transporters are important for what liver function?

A

bile acid production for biliary lipid secretion

30
Q

What is the function of ABCG5/G8?

A

transport of cholesterol into canaliculi in liver

31
Q

What is the function of ABCB11?

A

transport of bile acids into canaliculi in liver

32
Q

What is the function of ABCB4?

A

transport of phospholipids into canaliculi in liver

33
Q

What is the function of ABCA1?

A

export of cholesterol and phospholipids to lipid-poor apolipoprotein A1

34
Q

What is the function of ABCG1?

A

promote efflux of cellular cholesterol to HDL particles

35
Q

ABCA1 and ABCG1 are critical to what lipid metabolic process?

A

reverse cholesterol transport via HDL

36
Q

Reverse cholesterol transport is mediated by what lipoprotein?

A

HDL

37
Q

What genetic defects would lead to high LDL cholesterol?

A

apoB, apoE, or LDL receptor defects

38
Q

What genetic defects would lead to low HDL cholesterol levels?

A

apoA-1 or ABCA1

39
Q

What genetic defects would cause VLDL or chylomicron triglyceride levels to be high?

A

defects in apoC-II (activator of LPL), LPL, or LCAT (esterifies cholesterol for packing into HDL)

40
Q

What genetic defect would lead to high levels of chylomicron remnants and intermediate density lipoproteins?

A

apoE which is a hepatic LDL receptor for VLDL remnants and IDLs

41
Q

What happens to plasma LDL that is not taken up by hepatic LDL receptors?

A

it migrates into vascular intima to be taken up by scavenger receptors

42
Q

HDL is important and beneficial because it performs what function?

A

draws free cholesterol from cholesterol-rich cells

43
Q

HDL is synthesized where?

A

in the liver and intestine

44
Q

HDL decreases the among of cholesterol available for tissue deposition by doing what?

A

removing it from macrophages and promoting its return to the liver

45
Q

When testing for lipoprotein disorders, you should measure ____ when?

A

serum lipids after a 10 hour fast

46
Q

Primary hypertriglyceridemia is characterized by what?

A

high triglycerides

47
Q

What is the most common form of primary hypertriglyceridemia?

A

familial hypertriglyceridemia of unknown genetic cause

48
Q

What are two rare primary hypertriglyceridemias?

A
  • familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency

- apoC-II deficiency

49
Q

Familial hypercholesterolemia is due to what genetic defect?

A

the LDL receptor

50
Q

When do cholesterol levels get elevated in someone with familial hypercholesterolemia?

A

at birth

51
Q

When do triglyceride levels get elevated in someone with familial hypertriglyceridemia?

A

upon weight gain, aging, onset of diabetes, etc.

52
Q

What are cutaneous xantomas?

A

cholesterol deposits seen in those with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia

53
Q

What is dysbetalipoproteinemia due to?

A

a defect in apoE causing a rise in chylomicrons and IDL-like particles

54
Q

Tangier disease is due to what deficiency?

A

ABCA1, which is responsible for HDL formation

CardioPulm (31 decks)

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