Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CardioPulm > 12.7 C > Flashcards

12.7 C Flashcards

1
Q

What is hemostasis?

A

the cellular and noncellular process that prevents blood loss following injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three main steps of hemostasis?

A
  • platelet plug formation
  • coagulation
  • firbinolysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What gives a hard clot its tensile strength?

A

fibrin polymers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Platelet plug formation has what two steps?

A
  • platelet adhesion

- platelet aggregation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Von Willebrand Factor?

A

a plasma protein that binds collagen and links it to Glycoprotein Ib-V-IX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is glycoprotein Ib-V-IX?

A

a transmembrane protein found on platelets that binds VWF at the site of injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is Von Willebrand Factor produced?

A

endothelial cells and platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are Weibel-Palade bodies?

A

stores of Von Willebrand Factor found in endothelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are alpha granules?

A

granules within platelets that store Von Willebrand Factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the quaternary structure of Von Willebrand Factor.

A

it forms massive multiers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is ADAMTS-13?

A

a protease that cleaves ultra large Von Willeband Factor into its active unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When Von Willeband Factor is produced, it is in what form?

A

the ultra large form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Most Von Willeband Factor is produced by what cells?

A

endothelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Von Willeband Factor production in endothelial cells is controlled by what?

A
  • induced hormonally

- but also produced constitutively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Von Willeband Factor has what two functions?

A
  • platelet adhesion

- factor VIII carrier protein which extends the half life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Platelets are cross-linked by what protein?

A

fibrinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe the structure of fibrinogen?

A

is bipolar such that it can bind and cross-link two platelets

18
Q

What are the five most signficant platelet activating factors?

A

ADP, collagen, thrombin, thromboxane A2, epinephrine

19
Q

Where is tissue factor found?

A

on the surface of endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and platelets

20
Q

How does tissue factor get activated?

A

by injury to its host cell (fibroblast, endothelial, or platelet)

21
Q

The coagulation cascade can generally be described as a series of what?

A

zymogen activation steps

22
Q

What is the first and last enzyme activated in the coagulation cascade?

A

tissue factor to thrombin

23
Q

What enzyme cleaves fibrinogen into a fibrin monomer?

A

thrombin

24
Q

Which coagulation cascade proteins are Vitamin K dependent?

A

F2, F7, F9, F10

25
Q

Vitamin K is improtant to the coagulation cascade because it is necessary for what process?

A

the post-translational gamma-carboxylation of glutamic acid residues, forming gamma-carboxyglutamic acid

26
Q

Why is post-translational gamma-carboxylation of glutamic acid residues important to the coagulation cascade?

A
  • adds a second negative charge so that the residue can bind calcium
  • binding calcium alters the conformation of prothrombin allowing it to insert into a phospholipid membrane on a platelet
27
Q

How does Warfarin prevent clotting?

A

by preventing regeneration of the active form of vitamin K

28
Q

Why is prothrombin insertion into the platelet plasma membrane important?

A

because only then can it interact with phosphatidylserine, its alloactive cofactor

29
Q

What happens to phosphatidylserine when a platelet gets activated?

A

it is flipped to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane

30
Q

Phosphatiylserine is flipped to the outer leaflet of a platelet plasma membrane so that what can occur?

A

assembly of various complexes important to the coagulation cascade

31
Q

What is a tenase complex?

A

a complex that forms on platelet membranes in conjunction with PS to generate Factor Xa, which goes on to cleave prothrombin into thrombin

32
Q

What is a prothrombinase complex?

A

a complex of Factor Xa and prothrombin (FII) that generates thrombin

33
Q

What is the name for FII?

A

prothrombin

34
Q

What does thrombin do in the coagulation cascade?

A

it cleaves portions off of fibrinogen to form fibrin monomers which can then spontaneously assemble into multimers

35
Q

What is the importance of Factor VIIIa in the coagulation cascade?

A

it catalyzes the transglutaminase reaction, covalently cross-linking D domains of fibrin monomers

36
Q

What protein is responsible for fibrinolysis?

A

plasmin

37
Q

What is plasminogen?

A

a zymogen produced by the liver which gets cleaved into plasmin for fibrinolysis

38
Q

What is t-PA?

A

the enzyme that cleaves plasminogen into plasmin for fibrinolysis

39
Q

What are PAI-1 and PAI-2?

A

enzymes secreted by endothelial cells to inhibit t-PA and thereby inhibit fibrinolysis

40
Q

What is a2-AP?

A

a protein secreted by the liver that inhibits plasmin and therefore inhibits fibrinolysis

41
Q

What are the end products of fibrinolysis?

A

E monomers, D monomers, and D dimers

CardioPulm (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions