Neuro Flashcards
What would you see in vascular dementia
step-wise pattern
symptoms of dementia appear suddenly
what medication is used for mixed dementia (vascular)
acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (may have some benefit) e.g. donepazil
MND treatment
Riluzole
migraine first line
oral triptan with or without paracetamol or NSAID
chronic migraine prophylaxis
propronalol, topiramate, amitriptyline, frovatriptine
Complex seizures
This is a complex seizure as his awareness is affected and he is confused after; simple
partial seizures do not affect awareness and there are no post-ictal symptoms.
Progressive bulbar palsy
LMN only, Affects the suprabulbar nuclei and cranial nerves, producing speech and swallow issues,, Worst prognosis, absent jaw jerk reflex,
flaccid and fasciculating tongue, and change in speech
radial nerve
opens the fist (muscles involved – BEST – brachioradialis, extensors, supinator,
triceps) and is often damaged by compression against the humerus
Damage to the median nerve
affects the precision grip muscles (LOAF) “can’t open jam jar”. There
would be wasting of the thenar eminence and sensory loss / weakness of the abductor pollicis brevis.
The ulnar nerve
vulnerable to elbow trauma and would lead to the claw sign, and the patient won’t
be able to cross their fingers in a good luck sign.
axillary nerve
weakness in shoulder abduction
most likely pathogen for meningitis when pregnant
Listeria monocytogenes
antibiotic prophylaxis for meningitis
ciprofloxacin
pain when combing hair, jaw claudication
Giant Cell Arteritis
Primary investigations for giant cell arteritis
ESR greater than 50, temporal artery biopsy you can see the presence of multinucleated giant cells and thickening and a narrowed vascular lumen (can be negatvie due to skip lesions), fundoscopy (pallor and oedema of the optic disc)
