Respiratory Flashcards
Define sarcoidosis
A granulomatous inflammatory multi-systemic disease in which any organ can be affected, although the lungs are the predominantly affected organ.
What are signs of sarcoidosis
Cervical and submandibular lymphadenopathy
Lupus pernio
Erythema Nodosum
What are symptoms of sarcoidosis
Cough: non-productive Dyspnoea: gradual onset Polyarthralgia Uveitis (red eye, photophobia) Constitutional symptoms: swinging fever, fatigue, weight loss
Associated syndromes of sarcoidosis
Lofgren’s syndrome, Heerfordt’s syndrome, Mikulicz’s disease
What type of granulomas are found in sarcoidosis
non-caseating granulomas, which are nodules of inflammation full of macrophages
What is an atypical pneumonia
pneumonia caused by an organism that cannot be cultured in the normal way or detected using a gram stain. They don’t respond to penicillins and can be treated with macrolides (e.g. clarithomycin), fluoroquinolones (e.g. levofloxacin) or tetracyclines (e.g. doxycycline).
What is the treatment for CAP
- Low severity (CURB ≤ 1):oral amoxicillinORdoxycycline/clarithromycin if penicillin-allergic or an atypical pathogen is suspected; usually a 5 day course
- Moderate severity (CURB 2): amoxicillin;addclarithromycin if an atypical pathogen is suspected; usually a 5 day course
- High severity (CURB ≥ 3):IV co-amoxiclavandclarithromycin are often used
Treatment for HAP
- Low severity:oral co-amoxiclav
- High severity:abroad-spectrum antibiotic, such as IV tazocin or ceftriaxone
- Suspected or confirmed MRSA:addvancomycin
What organism from air conditioning causes pneumonia
Legionella Pneumophila
What organism from birds causes pneumonia
Chlamydia Psittaci
What organism due to a poor swallow and poor dental hygiene causes pneumonia
Klebsiella Pneumonia
Most common cause of pneumonia
Streptococcus pneumoniae
HAP
Gram-negative bacteria and staphylococcus aureus
pneumonia due to a fungi
pneumocystis jiroveci
pneumonia commonly seen in young adults with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
mycoplasma pneumoniae
