Chapter 13

Question 1

What is the goal of IPM

Answer 1

to prevent pests from reaching economically or aesthetically damaging levels with the least risk to people, property, and the environment.

Question 2

Why should you use IPM

Answer 2

pesticides rarely work alone 
pesticides can be ineffective 
reduces risk 
can save money 
promotes a good public image

Question 3

why is identifying a pest important

Answer 3

misidentification and lack of information about a pest could make you chose the wrong control method or timing and are among the most frequent causes of pest control failure

Question 4

what is the purpose of monitoring pets

Answer 4

a way of determine whether it is wroth our while to make a more converted effort to manage a pest population

Question 5

what is economic threshold? what is the purpose?

Answer 5

the pest population density at which control measures are needed to prevent the pest from reach the economic injury level.

use to justify the cost of control in agriculture

Question 6

what is action threshold? what is the purpose?

Answer 6

the pest level at which control is warranted for reasons other than economics

Question 7

What factors influence economic threshold?

Answer 7

value of agricultural commodity, stage of development, environmental conditions, cost and effectiveness of control measures, expected yield

Question 8

what factors influence action threshold?

Answer 8

ecological roles, aesthetic role, health threat

Question 9

what is economic injury level? what is its relationship to economic threshold?

Answer 9

EIL is the population density that causes losses equal to the cost of control measures. Setting the economic threshold below the EIL ensures that the cost of controlling the pest is less than the cost from damage it would cause

Question 10

What are natural controls to keep pests in check?

Answer 10

climatic factors, topographic features, natural enemies

Question 11

What is the process of using natural enemies?

Answer 11

you can modify certain parts of the environment to maintain or enhance natural enemies. when you use pesticides select ones that will have the least impact on natural enemies
mass release of natural enemies

Question 12

what are the challenges of using natural enemies?

Answer 12

insects that are released usually do not have long term results
laws strictly control the importation of all organisms

Question 13

What is mechanical pest control? How is it used?

Answer 13

Mechanical control uses devices of machines and other physical methods to control pests or alter their environment

cultivation, exclusion (barriers), trapping

Question 14

What is cultural pest control? How is it used?

Answer 14

Cultural control alters the environment, the condition of the host plant or site, or the behavior of the pest in order to make the pest less likely to survive

cultural practices (healthy plants, weed management), sanitation (removing weeds, destroying plants, draining standing water)

Question 15

What is chemical control? How is it used?

Answer 15

chemical pesticides sometimes are the only effective control method available.

Question 16

What is regulatory control? How is it used?

Answer 16

quarantine and eradication programs directed by governmental agencies prevent the introduction and spread of pests

Question 17

What are the advantages and disadvantages of chemical pest controls?

Answer 17

pros
effectiveness, reasonable cost, quick halting of pest damage,

cons
health, environment, etc.

Question 18

Why are how are quarantine and eradications programs implemented?

Answer 18

quarantine - prevent people from transporting pests from infested to uninfected areas.

eradication - the total elimination of a pest form a designated area. often the pest or something under quarantine restrictions

Question 19

What is prevention? when is it used? Example?

Answer 19

the approach to take when a pest is not a problem and you want it to stay that way. Exclusion and sanitation are critical in preventing pest damage.

select resistance plant varieties, cultural practices

Question 20

What is suppression? when is it used? Example?

Answer 20

reduce existing pest populations to a tolerable level

goal of most pesticide applications, cultivating weeds, biological control

Question 21

What is eradication? when is it used? Example?

Answer 21

common approach in small confined areas such as buildings. not frequently used over large areas

Question 22

What do you need to know and do to implement an IPM program?

Answer 22

coordinate multiple tactics into a single integrated system. evaluate the costs benefits and risk of each management tactic. use several methods whenever possible. observe all regualtions

Question 23

Why is it important to record and evaluate the results of your pest management efforts

Answer 23

some control methods are slow to yield measurable results. others may be ineffective or even damaging. It is easy to forget what combination worked and which didn’t. keeping records helps you make future decisions.