Chapter 21

Question 1

List factors that determine which application method you will select for a given pest problem

Answer 1

depends on the nature and habits of the target pest, characteristics of the target site, properties of the pesticide, stability of the application equipment, and cost and efficiency of alternative methods

Question 2

Band application

Answer 2

applying pesticides in parallel strips or bands such as between rows of crops rather than uniformly over an entire field

Question 3

Basal application

Answer 3

directs herbicides to the lower portion of brush or small trees to control vegetation

Question 4

Broadcast application

Answer 4

the uniform application of a pesticide to an entire area or field

Question 5

Crack and crevice application

Answer 5

the placement of small amounts of pesticide into cracks and crevices in buildings such as along baseboards and in cabinets where insects or other pests commonly hide or enter a structure

Question 6

Directed spray application

Answer 6

targets the pests to minimize pesticide contact with non target plants and animals

Question 7

foliar application

Answer 7

directs pesticide to left portions of a plant

Question 8

Rope wick/wiper treatments

Answer 8

release pesticides onto a device that is wiped onto weeds

Question 9

soil application

Answer 9

place pesticide directly on the soil rather than on a growing plant

Question 10

soil incorporation

Answer 10

use of tillage, rainfall, or irrigation equipment to move the pesticide into the soil

Question 11

soil injection

Answer 11

the application of a pesticide under pressure beneath the soil surface

Question 12

space treatment

Answer 12

the application of a pesticide in an enclosed area

Question 13

spot treatment

Answer 13

application of a pesticide to small distinct areas

Question 14

tree injection

Answer 14

application of pesticides under the bark of trees

Question 15

What do you need to consider when selecting a spray tank?

Answer 15

spray volume, pressure you need, size of area you will be sprayer

Question 16

What does a sprayer pump do? What is required for proper operation?

Answer 16

supply the needed pressure and volume to the nozzles and agitators

they need to resist corrosion and abrasion and usually can not be operated dry

Question 17

Three basic functions of sprayer nozzles

Answer 17

control the amount of material applied, formulation of droplets and their size, and distribution and pattern of droplets

Question 18

How are nozzles classified?

Answer 18

classified on the basis of the spray pattern and the droplet size they produce

Question 19

why does it matter is spray is coarse or fine?

Answer 19

coarse droplets minimize off target drift while fine droplets obtain maximum surface coverage of the target

Question 20

What is the resistance to wear of different nozzles?

Answer 20

brass and aluminum - cant be used with abrasive materials

stainless steel/ceramic - wear resistant

Question 21

Low pressure boom sprayer

Answer 21

designed to apply dilute pesticide mixes over a large area.

sprayers are self propelled or mounted on the back of tractor or truck

pros: light weight, inexpensive, adapt to many uses, can cover large areas quickly
cons: won’t penetrate dense foliage, use of hydraulic agitation causes WP to settle out

Question 22

high pressure boom sprayer

Answer 22

same as low pressure boom sprayer but can tolerate much higher PSI

Pros: enough pressure to spray through canopies, build to withstand high pressure, long lasting and dependable, mechanical agitation standard

Cons: heavy, expensive, use large amounts water, drift more likely

Question 23

Hand gun

Answer 23

can be attached to a high pressure sprayer

Question 24

airblast sprayers

Answer 24

high speed air generated by a fan to deliver pesticide to the target surface. place spray droplets into the air stream.

pros: provide good coverage, penetrate dense foliage, capacity to apply high or low volumes
cons: drift is a major concern

Question 25

compressed air sprayers

Answer 25

used to apply small quantities of pesticides. Compressed air is usually supplied by a hand pump

includes air sprayers and backpack sprayers

pros: simple, light, can be used in many different situation, spray is easily controlled and direct at the target surface, minimal drift
cons: adapted to covering small areas, no agitation, small tank

Question 26

Granular applicators used in agriculture

Answer 26

Band applicators - use hoses or tubes to deposit granules in a narrow band
Broadcast applicators - use a system of tubes and deflectors or spinners to spread granules uniformly over a wide area

Question 27

granular applicators used on turf

Answer 27

rotary spreader - distributes granules to the front and sides of the spreader usually by means of a spinning disk or fan
drop spreader - adjustable sliding gate opens holes in the bottom of the hopper and the granules flow out by gravity

Question 28

what are different engineering controls and how do they reduce an applicators exposure to pesticides

Answer 28

enclosed cab - surrounds occupant and prevents exposure to pesticides being applied
check valves - prevent spray from dipping out of nozzles after pressure is turned off
multiple nozzle bodies - reduces the risk of changing nozzles during application by allowing you to sit between nozzles by Turing the body rather than having to undo it
tank rinse system - includes a clean water supply tank that rinses the tank in field and can in certain situation be applied to the field

Question 29

What are other types of application equipment that can be used?

Answer 29

rubs, bait dispensers, foggers chemigation, dusters, aerosol cans

Question 30

How do you clean sprayers?

Answer 30

clean sprayers at the application site
labels provide direction for cleaning sprayer
fill the spray tank 1/3-1/2 full and run any agitator or flush lines for several minutes
can apply rinsate back onto the field or use at a later date as makeup water for filling a spray tank

Question 31

Why and how do you clean sprayers and prepare it for storage?

Answer 31

clean inside and outside of the sprayer
touch up all scratched paint
lubricate wheel beatings to prevent rust
remove and clean nozzles and nozzle strainers
seal nozzle outlets with corks or plastic bags
remove and clean filter screens and store them in clean plastic bags
loosely cover the tank
release tension on pressure regulators
winterize the pump
store inside out of the elements

Question 32

How do you clean granular application equipment?

Answer 32

remove all pesticide from the device 
clean the inside of the hopper 
use sandpaper or a Bruch to clean parts 
coat the inside with oil 
clean and oil the flow control slides or valves 
excess oil should be wiped off