Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SAM > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Order of examination of the cardio vascular

A

history, general condition, heart, blood vessels (arterial, venous, capillary systems), blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

History

A

fatigue, exercise intolerance, dyspnea, tachypnea, ascites, syncope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

left sided heart failure indication

A

Pulmonary oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

right sided heart failure (cats also left) indication

A

Thoracic fluid accumulation –

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ascites symptoms

A

right sided heart failure, hypoproteinaemia, peritonitis, neoplasma, liver cirrhosis, thrombosis, bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

physical exam

A

inspection (heart and vessels), palpation (heart and vessels), percussion (heart), auscultation (heart)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

inspection

A

abnormalities of thorax, heart beat location and intentisy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

palaption

A 
pain
location of heart beat
dislocation of heart beat (caused by tumour, abscess, pneumothorax, diaphragmatic hernia, malformation), 
strength of heart beat, 
fremitus (thrill)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where to find the heartbeat

A

(left = 3-6 ICS) (right = 3-5 ICS),

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

percussion

A

detect fluid accumulation
space occupying lessions,
PTX,
area of cardiac dullness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

reasons for dullness

A 
cardiac enlargement
pericardial effusion
cardiac dislocation
false enlargement
fluid accumulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

FRIDA

A

frequency, rhythm, intensity, demarcation, adventitious sounds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

frequency

A

coincides with pulse rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

intensity

A

normally strong and even.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pounding beat

A

= increasing of the first and second sound.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Reduced heart sound

A

= decreased cardiac output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

demarcation

A

distinctiveness of the cardiac sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Adventitious sounds

A

murmurs –

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

types of murmurs

A

either endocardial or extracardial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

endocardial murmur

A

turbulence - location, intensity, relation to cardiac cycle, pitch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

extracardial murmurs

A

location and intensity can be heard in different phases, either pericardial or pleuropericardial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

causes of endocardial murmurs

A

morphological, functional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

morphological causes of endocardial murmurs

A

valve deformaties, septal or vessel malformations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

functional causes of endocardial murmurs

A

– innocent murmurs, anemia: decreased blood viscosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

extracardial mur,urs cause

A

inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

classification of endocardial murmurs

A 
localisation
intensity
relation to phase of cardiac cycle
frequency
character
conduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

methods of examining arteries

A

digital palpation - pulse
blood pressure measurement
blood flow registration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

pulse examination

A

size, rhythm, strength, duration, symmetry, compressibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

pulse pressure

A

difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

systemic arterial blood pressure

A

cardiac output x totatl peripheral resistance

31
Q

normal findings of pulse

A

symmetry, rate, rhythm, size, strength and duration

32
Q

abnormal findings of pulse

A

irregular pulse, uneven pulse, large hyperkinetic pulse (pulsus magnus), small hypokinetic pulse (parvus),

33
Q

compressibility of pulse

A

strong or weak

hard or soft

34
Q

duration of pulse

A

sluggish, skipping, full, empty

35
Q

methods of examination of veins

A

inspection, palpation, measurement of central venous pressure

36
Q

what to check on jugular vein

A

degree of fullness

movement within vein

37
Q

Venous stasis compression test:

A

abnormally slow or stands out and feels tense. No emptying below the compression point

38
Q

undulation

A

influenced by breathing

39
Q

Negative or atrial venous pulse –

A

can be normal or due to right sided heart failure

40
Q

Positive or ventricular pulse –

A

increased right ventricular pressure and improper valve closure during systole — always pathological

41
Q

Pathological vein pulse

A

– systolic, pronounced, persists after compression test

42
Q

direct Central venous pressure test

A

catheterization or accurate fluid replacement

43
Q

indirect Central venous pressure test

A

– examination of peripheral veins

44
Q

capillary examination

A

examine mm cranial and caudal

45
Q

coloured mm

A

cyanotic

46
Q

pale mm

A

poor oxygenation, vasoconstriction

47
Q

Fullness of capillaries

A 
empty (=peripheral circulatory insufficiency)
increased fullness (=light red)
over filling (=congestion)
48
Q

systole

A

period of contraction of ventricles occuring between first and second heart sounds

49
Q

diastole

A

period of relaxation and filling of chambers with blood

50
Q

what is US of heart used to examine

A

parenchymal and fluid filled organs

51
Q

how are images made

A

by sending a pulse of US into a tissue using a probe

52
Q

how is an echo formed

A

the sound wave encounters the border of 2 neighbouring materials with different densities and part of the sound wave is reflected back to the probe

53
Q

what causes the black colour on the US

A

if sound travels fully through a material and no echos are reflected

54
Q

acoustic impedance equation

A

density x acoustic velocity

55
Q

2 types of transducers

A

linear and sector

56
Q

what is an ecg

A

measurememt in amplitude and time of potential differences of electrical current generated through depolar and repolar of cardiac structures

57
Q

eithhoven triangle

A

negative on rihgt forelimb

positive on left hind limb

58
Q

P wave

A

due to atrial depolarisation

59
Q

Q wave

A

due to fast depolarisation

60
Q

R wave

A

due to large ventricular depolarisation

61
Q

S wave

A

due to repolarisation of the heart base

62
Q

T wave

A

ventricular repolarisation

63
Q

2 adjustable parameters

A

speed and sensitivity

64
Q

segment definition

A

the distance without a wave

65
Q

interval definition

A

distance with wave

66
Q

indication of tall P

A

right atrial enlargement

sinus tachycardia

67
Q

indication of notch in P

A

normal in bigs dogs

68
Q

indication of wide P

A

left atrial enlargement

interatrial block

69
Q

no P wave

A

atrial fibrillation

atrial standstill

70
Q

overlapping P and T waves

A

atrial depolarisation at teh same time as ventricular repolar

71
Q

indication of wide QRS

A

left ventricular enlargement
bundle branch block
ectopic beat

72
Q

indication of tall QRS

A

left ventricular enlargement

ectopic beat

73
Q

indication of abnormal shape QRS

A

ectopic beat

bundle branch block

74
Q

indications to do an ecg

A

bradycardia
irregular heart beat
tahcycardia

SAM (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions