Chapter 57: Species Interactions (Book Questions/Quiz)

Question 1

In a woodland community, a species interaction between rabbits and deer affects both species negatively. What type of interaction is this?

Multiple choice question.

Mutualism

Predation

Competition

Commensalism

Answer 1

Competition

Question 2

rue or false: Competition between species may be equal or unequal.

True false question.
True
False

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Select all that apply

Choose all true statements about competition.

Multiple select question.

Competition can occur between individuals of the same species.

Species may coexist in identical niches.

Competition can occur among different species.

Several types of competition occur in nature.

Answer 3

Competition can occur between individuals of the same species.

Competition can occur among different species.

Several types of competition occur in nature.

Question 4

Match the signs with the categories of competition:

Competition
Amensalism
Predation/herbivory/parasitism
Mutualism
Commensalism
Neutralism

-,0
\+,-
-,-
0,0
\+,+
\+,0

Answer 4

Competition is -,-
Amensalism is -,0
Predation, herbivory, and parasitism is +,-
Mutualism is +,+
Commensalism is +,0
Neutralism is 0,0

Question 5

What species interaction adversely affects both species?

Multiple choice question.

Competition

Mutualism

Parasitism

Amensalism

Answer 5

Competition

Question 6

Select all that apply

Choose all types of competition that occur in nature.

Multiple select question.

Individuals compete with members of another species.

Individuals of the same species compete with each other.

Organisms compete indirectly for a limited resource.

Both species benefit from a competitive interaction.

Organisms interact directly through intimidation.

Answer 6

Individuals compete with members of another species.

Individuals of the same species compete with each other.

Organisms compete indirectly for a limited resource.

Organisms interact directly through intimidation.

Question 7

What type of competition describes indirect competition between organisms for a limited resource, with each obtaining as much as it can?

Multiple choice question.

Interference

Exploitative

Answer 7

Exploitative

Question 8

True or false: Species can coexist if the overlap in their ecological niches is sufficiently reduced.

True false question.
True
False

Answer 8

True

Question 9

The role and position a species has in its environment is best defined as its:

Multiple choice question.

niche

matrix

trophic level

locus

carbon footprint

Answer 9

niche

Question 10

Beetles and caterpillars use physical intimidation to compete for the same food resources. What type of competition is this?

Multiple choice question.

Interspecific competition

Exploitation competition

Intraspecific competition

Answer 10

Interspecific competition

Question 11

The term _________ _________ refers to the differentiation of niches, in both space and time, enabling similar species to coexist in a community.

Answer 11

resource partitioning

Question 12

The area where an organism can be found in nature is called a(n) ________. However, the term also can convey what an organism does in a community, including how it feeds.

Answer 12

niche

Question 13

The tendency for two species to diverge in morphology and thus resource use (which will minimize competition) is called character _______.

Answer 13

displacement

Question 14

Consider a fundamental niche which contains a part that is occupied by competitors of that species. In this case the organism is limited to an area called the ______, where the competitor is absent.

Multiple choice question.

primary niche

realized niche

potential niche

secondary niche

Answer 14

realized niche

Question 15

Multiple Select Question
Select all that apply

Which of the following factors may be used to distinguish fundamental and realized niches?

Multiple select question.

Realized will probably be smaller than the fundamental.

Realized is based on time and space, whereas fundamental is the potential distribution independent of time and space.

Fundamental will probably be smaller than realized.

Answer 15

Realized will probably be smaller than the fundamental.

Realized is based on time and space, whereas fundamental is the potential distribution independent of time and space.

Question 16

___________ species occur in the same geographic area, whereas __________ species occur in different geographic areas.

Answer 16

sympatric, allopatric

Question 17

Select all that apply

Select all types of interactions that have a positive effect for one species and a negative effect for the other.

Multiple select question.

Parasitism

Commensalism

Predation

Amensalism

Herbivory

Answer 17

Parasitism

Predation

Herbivory

Question 18

All of the following are common antipredation strategies that have evolved in animals EXCEPT:

Multiple choice question.

agility

mimicry

character displacement

displays of intimidation

Answer 18

character displacement

Question 19

Closely related species of finches that live in the same geographic area will have different beak sizes (bill depths) in order to feed on different seeds. This tendency for species to diverge in morphology is called:

Multiple choice question.

character displacement

allopatric competition

interference competition

exploitation competition

Answer 19

character displacement

Question 20

Select all that apply

From the list below, choose the two types of mimicry.

Multiple select question.

Batesian

Aposematic

Cryptic

Mullerian

Answer 20

Batesian

Mullerian

Question 21

The physiologically optimal range of conditions for an organism is called the:

Multiple choice question.

balancing niche

partitioning niche

crucial niche

fundamental niche

Answer 21

fundamental niche

Question 22

True or false: Herbivory is usually lethal to plants.

True false question.
True
False

Answer 22

False

Question 23

Select all that apply

Select all ways in which predation, herbivory, and parasitism interactions are classified.

Multiple select question.

Whether or not they are lethal

The duration of the species’ lifetime

How likely they are to survive natural disasters

The length of association between consumer and prey

Answer 23

Whether or not they are lethal

The length of association between consumer and prey

Question 24

Do vertebrates or invertebrates have a greater impact on plant density?

Multiple choice question.

Invertebrates have a greater impact.

Vertebrates have a greater impact.

Vertebrates and invertebrates have the same impact.

Answer 24

Invertebrates have a greater impact.

Question 25

Select all that apply

Which of the following are examples of strategies that animals have evolved to avoid being eaten by predators? Choose all that apply.

Multiple select question.

Chemical defense

Character displacement

Camouflage and mimicry

Armor and weaponry

Answer 25

Chemical defense

Camouflage and mimicry

Armor and weaponry

Question 26

An organism that feeds on another but does not kill it outright is called a(n) ___________, and the prey is a(n) _________

Answer 26

parasite, host

Question 27

Which of the following is not a type of mimicry defense?

Multiple choice question.

Müllerian

Batesian

Catalepsis

Answer 27

Catalepsis

Question 28

The research compared tits without parasites and tits with. Which were healthier?

Multiple choice question.

no distinguishable difference

parasite-free tits

tits with parasites

Answer 28

parasite-free tits

Question 29

Invertebrate herbivores such as grasshoppers have a stronger effect on plant density than vertebrate herbivores such as mammals. The reason for this is that invertebrate herbivores:

Multiple choice question.

have evolved defenses against secondary metabolites

use secondary metabolites as reproductive stimuli

have higher population density than vertebrate herbivores

secrete chemicals that can act as a fertilizer

Answer 29

have higher population density than vertebrate herbivores

Question 30

Select all that apply

Select all examples of mutualism.

Multiple select question.

Epiphytes growing in tropical trees

A species of butterfly looking like another

Acacia trees with nesting sites for ants

Leaf-cutting ants living with fungi

Answer 30

Acacia trees with nesting sites for ants

Leaf-cutting ants living with fungi

Question 31

How was parasite removal achieved?

Multiple choice question.

bleaching the nests

leaving the nests out in the sun

microwaving the nests without the birds in them

spraying the birds with a repellent against the parasites

Answer 31

microwaving the nests without the birds in them

Question 32

Select all factors that influence population size.

Multiple select question.

Parasitism

Temperature

Competition

Predation

Answer 32

Parasitism

Temperature

Competition

Predation

Question 33

True or false: Mutualistic associations can involve both plants and animals.

True false question.
True
False

Answer 33

True

Question 34

True or false: Predators are responsible for top-down population control, while food abundance influences bottom-up control.

True false question.
True
False

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Select all lines of evidence suggesting that bottom-up effects are important in limiting population sizes.

Multiple select question.

Carbon dioxide is a limiting factor for carbohydrate production.

Natural enemies are effective in controlling pests.

Organisms select food based on nitrogen content of tissue.

Available energy diminishes with progression up the food chain.

Answer 35

Organisms select food based on nitrogen content of tissue.

Available energy diminishes with progression up the food chain.

Question 36

In a hypothetical situation, a bacterium lives on the surface of a leaf where it obtains nutrients from the leaf’s nonliving waxy covering, which the leaf continually produces. The plant is not hurt or harmed by this feeding. Once the number of bacteria reaches a critical mass, they inhibit the growth of other microbes that damage the plant. Occasionally, these bacteria can gain access to the interior of the leaf. For example, if there is weather-related leaf breakage that exposes the plant’s interior tissues. If this occurs, the bacteria feed on the plant’s living tissue, causing minor damage. What best describes the ecological roles played by the bacterium in this situation?

Question 1 options:

commensalism, parasitism, mutualism

mutualism, commensalism, parasitism

parasitism, commensalism. mutualism

commensalism, mutualism, parasitism

mutualism, parasitism, commensalism

Answer 36

commensalism, mutualism, parasitism

Question 37

In Pennsylvania, wolves have been extinct for many years. They used to feed on white-tailed deer, but now that the wolves are gone, the population of white-tailed deer has exploded. This means that this community

Question 2 options:

Was under bottom up control

Lacks a fundamental niche for wolves

Lacks a fundamental niche for deer

Was under top down control

Answer 37

Was under top down control

Question 38

A researcher examined the response of dandelions to herbivory by rabbits. She finds that in a greenhouse with no rabbits, there is variation in the number of seeds produced by different dandelion plants. She then mimics herbivory by rabbits and finds that dandelions that have been “eaten” by rabbits produce more seeds. From this she concludes

Question 3 options:

The number of seeds of a dandelion is a genetically variable trait

Dandelion seed number is a constitutive defensive response to rabbit herbivory

Rabbits cause a decline in the number of dandelion seeds

Rabbits alter the genetics of dandelions as they feed on them

Answer 38

Dandelion seed number is a constitutive defensive response to rabbit herbivory

Question 39

Which of these is most likely to be an example of Mullerian mimicry?

Question 4 options:

An octopus that changes its shape to look like a nonvenomous sea snake

A flounder that can match the bottom of the ocean to blend in

A group of flies that look like bees

A group of venomous snakes that all look similar in color and pattern

Answer 39

A group of venomous snakes that all look similar in color and pattern

Question 40

You are hiking in the tropical rainforest and find a new species of snake. It is about 12 inches long, lives in the trees and is bright yellow and blue. Based on this, what can you infer about this snake?

Question 5 options:

It is likely to be venomous

It is likely to be a parasite

It is likely to be an herbivore

It is unlikely to be venomous

Answer 40

It is likely to be venomous

Question 41

White-tailed deer browse the understory of a deciduous forest, eating the vegetation that numerous other species depend on. This is an example of

Question 6 options:

Interspecific interference competition

Interspecific exploitation competition

Intraspecific interference competition

Intraspecific exploitation competition

Answer 41

Interspecific exploitation competition

Question 42

In late fall, American red squirrels scurry about the base of a white oak tree collecting as many acorns as possible for their individual winter caches.

Question 7 options:

Interspecific interference competition

Interspecific exploitation competition

Intraspecific interference competition

Intraspecific exploitation competition

Answer 42

Intraspecific exploitation competition

Question 43

The brown tree snake was introduced to Guam and its population size increased dramatically. As with most invasive species, its success is due to

Question 8 options:

A lack of natural predators

A lack of defenses by the prey in the new habitat

An increase in character displacement in the new habitat

A and B only

A, B and C

Answer 43

A and B only

Question 44

A researcher is examining the response of corn to herbivory by white-tailed deer. She sets up a corn field with a very high fence to exclude deer and then a field where deer can have free access. After four weeks, she measures the height of the corn plants and the number of ears or corn each plant produces. What is the dependent variable in her experiment?

Question 9 options:

The corn

The height of the corn

Deer herbivory

The number of ears of corn

Both B and D

Answer 44

Both B and D

Question 45

A farmer adds fertilizer to a field and soon after finds an increase in the number of herbivores in the area. This is because

Question 10 options:

The community was determined by top down control

The community was determined by bottom up control

The herbivores were attracted to the odors of the fertilizer

The fertilizer caused a significant decrease in primary production

Answer 45

The community was determined by bottom up control

Question 46

A researcher is examining the response of corn to herbivory by white-tailed deer. She sets up a corn field with a very high fence to exclude deer and then a field where deer can have free access. After four weeks, she measures the height of the corn plants and the number of ears or corn each plant produces. She finds that the corn in the environment excluded from deer grow significantly taller than those in the environment with the deer, and produce more ears of corn. Therefore she concludes

Question 11 options:

Corn does not have an induced response to deer herbivory

Corn does not have a constitutive response to deer herbivory

Corn responds to deer herbivory by increasing in height and number of ears of corn

Both A and B

Answer 46

Both A and B

Question 47

The hognose snake is not venomous but it looks very similar to the venomous copperhead snake. The hognose is an example of

Question 12 options:

A cryptic species

A Mullerian mimic

A Batesian mimic

An aposematic species

Answer 47

A Batesian mimic

Question 48

An organisms feeds on another, but has high lethality and low duration of interaction. This organisms is therefore likely a

Question 13 options:

Parasite

Herbivore

Predator

Intraspecific competitor

Answer 48

Predator

Question 49

The evolution of morphological differences between two species should be greater when they are________ than when they are_________ due to selective pressures to diversify niches in the face of competition.

Question 14 options:

Sympatric, allopatric

Parasitic, competitive

Parasitic, symbiotic

Allopatric, sympatric

Answer 49

Sympatric, allopatric

Question 50

An eastern bluebird and a European starling will compete for nest cavities by physically confronting one another. This is an example of

Question 15 options:

Interspecific interference competition

Interspecific exploitation competition

Intraspecific interference competition

Intraspecific exploitation competition

Answer 50

Interspecific interference competition