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bioscience > cells, tissues and skin > Flashcards

cells, tissues and skin Flashcards

1
Q

cytoplasms

A

contains the cellular organelles, dissolved proteins and nutrients

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2
Q

nucleus

A

houses DNA which contain instructions for cell in particular protein synthesis

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3
Q

ribosome

A

site of protein synthesis

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4
Q

rough Endoplasmic reticulum

A

proteins produced are packaged and exported out of cell

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5
Q

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

synthesis of lipids, cholesterol and steroid based hormones, detoxification and storage of calcium ions

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6
Q

golgi body

A

modify, concentrate and packages proteins and lipids

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7
Q

mitochondria

A

cellular respiration releases energy in the form of ATP

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8
Q

lysosomes

A

digest biological materials including protein and cell debris

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9
Q

cytoskeleton

A

acts as cell bones, muscle and ligament. contracts for cell movements, resisting in pulling forces on cell and maintain shape and distribution of cellular organelles

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10
Q

peripheral proteins

A

not embedded throughout the PM. PM support, enzymes o motor functions

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11
Q

integral proteins

A

embedded in the PM. Acts as enzymes or receptors

channel proteins and carrier proteini

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12
Q

osmosis

A

movement of water across PM. water can cross due to its size despite being lipid insoluble

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13
Q

lipid soluble substances

A

oxygen, carbon dioxide, fats, alcohol, steroid hormones

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14
Q

water soluble substances

A

water, ions and glucose

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15
Q

isotonic

A

equilibrium, no change in cell volume

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16
Q

hypertonic

A

shrivelled cell (crenate), water moves out

17
Q

hypotonic

A

water moves in, lyse/ burst

18
Q

potential energy

A

energy stored ready to be released and used to do work

19
Q

resting membrane potential

A

potential energy that exists across the PM resulting from separating oppositely changed ions by the PM

20
Q

ion concentration

A

ECF: higher conc of NA+ compared to ICF
ICF: higher conc of K+ compared to ECF
more K+ leakage channels

21
Q

maintaining RMP

A

active transport (carrier proteins) K/NA ATPase pump
stop ions from reaching eq
the pump takes out 3 NA ions and bring in 2 K ions

22
Q

nervous tissue

A

internal communication nervous tissue transmit electrical signals to regulate and control body functions

23
Q

muscle tissue

A 
contracts to cause movements
3 types
skeletal- voluntary movement
cardiac- involuntary 
smooth- involuntary
24
Q

epithelial tissue

A

forms boundaries between different environments, protects, absorbs, secrete and filters. It is avascular( no blood vessels) gets nutrients from underlying connective tissue

25
Q

connective tissue

A

support, protects, binds other tissue together

26
Q

skin contains 4 primary tissues

A

epithelial tissue in epidermis
connective tissue in dermis & hypodermis
muscle tissue in arterioles
nervous tissue in all layers of the skin

27
Q

skin major regions

A

epidermis- outer epithelial layer
dermis- deep supporting layer of connective tissue
hypodermis- subcutaneous layer of connective tissue and adipose tissue

28
Q

epidermis layers

A 
stratum corneum
stratum lucidum 
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale
29
Q

functions of the skin

A

protection, sensation, metabolic function, excretion, blood reserve, temperature regulation

30
Q

tissue repair: regeneration

A

epidermal stem cells regenerate lost tissue

31
Q

: fibrosis

A

replaces dead tissue with scar tissue which doesn’t have same qualities as tissue before injury

32
Q

stage 1 inflammation

A

damaged cells release inflammatory chemicals.
blood vessels more permeable bring in macrophages.
forms blood clot to stop blood loss, minimise fluid and loss of electrolytes
clot dies and forms scab

33
Q

stage 2 organisation/ proliferation

A

blood clot replaced by granulation tissue= restore blood supply
fibroblast produce collagen fibres that bridges gap
macrophages engulf cell debris, blood clot & microorganism
epithelial stem cells multiply & migrate over granulation tissue

34
Q

stage 3 maturation/ remodelling

A

blood vessels compressed so scar is avascular
epithelial stem cell grow under scab and scab will fall off
fibrosis for major wound

35
Q

treatment of full thickness burns

A

lack of:
blood vessels to release inflammatory chemicals
granulation tissue with capillaries to restore blood supply
macrophages to clean area
fibroblast to produce collagen fibres
epidermal stem cells to regenerate epidermis
therefore skin graft required

bioscience (10 decks)

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