brain

Question 1

gray matter

Answer 1

contains neuroglia

cell bodies of interneurons organised into nuclei

Question 2

white matter

Answer 2

contains neuroglia

myelinated axons of interneurons organised into tracts

Question 3

cerebrum

Answer 3

divided into 2 cerebral hemispheres by longitudinal fissure

separated from cerebellum by transverse fissure

Question 4

gyrus

Answer 4

ridge

Question 5

sulcus

Answer 5

shallow grove

Question 6

5 lobes

Answer 6

parietal, frontal, occipital, insula and temporal

Question 7

cerebral hemisphere divided into 3 regions

Answer 7

cerebral cortex- contains nuclei
cerebral white matter- contains tracts
basal nuclei- islands of gray matter deep within white matter

Question 8

cerebral cortex contains 3 main functional areas

Answer 8

motor area- voluntary skeletal muscle movement
sensory areas- recieve and localise sensory input
association areas- interpret sensory input, perform intellectual functions, store memories and personalty

Question 9

motor areas in cerebral cortex

Answer 9

forntal lobe
PMC=precentral gyrus [generates somatic motor output that stimulates voluntary skeletal movements damage= paralysis
motor association area= frontal eye field-voluntary eye movement
broca’s area (left hemisphere) - muscles in speech production
premotor cortex- learned, skilled motor activities of a complex nature

Question 10

sensory area in cerebral cortex

Answer 10

located in insula, parietal, temporal and occipital
general and special sensory receptors
primary somatosensory cortex( postcentral gyrus each parietal lobe)-general sensory info
somatosensory association area- interprets general sensory input and compares it to stored memories to recognise

Question 11

special sensory areas

Answer 11

visual area(occipital):
cortex= receives visual input
association area= interpret visual input 
auditory areas(temporal):
cortex= receives auditory input
association area= interpret auditory input
olfactory (temporal)- smell
gustatory (insula)- taste 
visceral (insula)-visceral sensations
vestibular (insula)- balance

Question 12

other association areas

Answer 12

wernicke's area(left temporal lobe/ hemisphere)- comprehends written and spoken language 
prefrontal cortex (frontal)- intellect, complex learning, personalty, behaviour

Question 13

cerebral white matter

Answer 13

myelinated axons organised into 3 tracts:
commissural= conduct info between 2 cerebral hemisphere
association= conduct info between cortical areas in same hemisphere
projection= conduct info between cerebral cortex & lower parts of CNS

Question 14

cerebral nasal nuclei

Answer 14

communicate with the motor areas of the cerebral cortex to facilitate smooth skeletal movements

Question 15

cerebellum

Answer 15

snores smooth, coordinated skeletal movements and maintains posture and balance

Question 16

Diencephalon

Answer 16

thalamus- processes and integrates sensory input, then it relays it to the correct cerebral destination
hypothalamus- control activities of ANS. Regulate body temp, hunger, and emotions also produce hormones
epithalamus- pineal gland which produces melatonin= sleep

Question 17

limbic system

Answer 17

establishes and controls emotions. Involved in long term memories hippocampus converts short to long term memories

Question 18

brain stem

Answer 18

midbrain [gray matter]- visual and auditory reflex centre, produces dopamine, cranial nerves that regulate eye movements
pons [gray matter]- cranial nerve involved in taste, chewing, eye movement, hearing, balance and facial sensation/expression, nuclei regulate breathing

Question 19

medulla oblongata

Answer 19

autonomic nuclei controlled by hypothalamus
cardiovascular- controls heart rate, force of contraction and blood vessel diameter
respiratory- control the rate and depth of breathing
cranial nerves that regulate swallowing, tongue movements and digestive functions

Question 20

reticular formation

Answer 20

extends through central core of brain stem
contains reticular activating system RAS
maintains consciousness

Question 21

transient ischaemic attack

Answer 21

blood flow to a brain area is temporarily reduced no neurons die warning of impending stroke

Question 22

stroke

Answer 22

blood flow to brain area is reduced or blocked and neurons die
causes blood clot in cerebral artery= ischaemic stroke
ruptured blood vessels= hemorrhagic stroke

Question 23

alzheimers

Answer 23

death of neuron causes brain to shrink

Question 24

parkinsons

Answer 24

degenerative and death of dopamine releasing neurons of substantia nigra