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bioscience > nervous system > Flashcards

nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

functions of nervous system

A

sensory- sensory input
intergrative- analyses & interprets sensory input
motor- motor output

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2
Q

sensory input

A 
general
nociceptors- pain
mechanoreceptors:
tactile- touch, pressure, vibration
baroreceptors- blood pressure
proprioceptors- body position
sensory receptors eyes, ears, mouth & nose
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3
Q

motor output

A

activates muscle & glands

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4
Q

Central nervous system

A

brain & spinal cord

control centre performs integration

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5
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

sensory receptors and cranial spinal and peripheral nerves that link all parts of body to CNS

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6
Q

2 functional systems [ANS and SNS]

A

somatic motor output from CNS to skeletal muscle
somatic= voluntary & involuntary movements
autonomic motor output from CNS to glands, cardiac & smooth muscle
controls involuntary

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7
Q

2 functional division [sympathetic & parasympathetic]

A

symph= fight/ flight
increase heart rate, respiratory airflow, blood flow
parasympathetic= rest & digest
stimulates digestive system, urination & defecation
contract pupils decrease heart rate & respiratory airflow

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8
Q

neurons

A

stimulate electrical signals called graded and action potentials to conduct sensory and motor info
require oxygen and glucose
unable to divide and replace themselves

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9
Q

structural component of Neuron

A

dendrites- receptive region convert info into graded potential
cell body- receives info from other neutrons & converts to graded potential
axon- conducting region= generates & conducts action potentials to convey info from initial segment to axon terminal
covered by myelin sheath which increase speed
nodes of ranvier
axon terminals- release neurotransmitter to transmit info to another neuron, muscle, gland

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10
Q

neuron cell bodies in clusters

A

nuclei (nucleus) CNS

ganglia (ganglion) PNS

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11
Q

neruon axons bundled

A

tracts CNS

nerves PNS

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12
Q

functional classifications

A

sensory neuron- conduct sensory input (unipolar)
interneurons- conduct info within CNS (multipolar)
motor neuron- conduct motor output away from CNS (multipolar)
lower motor neurone conduct somatic motor output
preganglionic & postganglionic neurons conduct autonomic motor output

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13
Q

chem gated channels

A

open to chem stimulus

located in dendrites and cell body

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14
Q

mechanically gated channels

A

open to mech stimulus

located in dendrites

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15
Q

voltage gated channels

A

open and close to voltage changes

located ini axon and axon terminals

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16
Q

depolarisation

A

membrane potential is less negative
stimulus opens NA gated channels
ICF gains +ve ions= less negative

17
Q

hyperpolarisation

A

membrane potential becomes more negative
stimulus opens K gated channels
efflux of K ions out of ICF
ICF looses +ve ions= more negative

18
Q

graded potentials

A

small changes in MP
when a stimulus opens chem gated or mechanically gated channels
short distance signals

19
Q

initiate an action potential

A

graded potential travel to initial segment & depolarises to -55mV (threshold)
stimulating voltage gated channels to open

20
Q

action potential

A

long distance

self propagating= triggers itself

21
Q
  1. depolarisation
A

at threshold voltage gated Na channels open Na diffuse into ICF shifts to +30mV

22
Q
  1. repolarisation
A

at +30mV voltage gated Na channels close and voltage gated K channels open
K ions diffuse out of ICF returning MP to resting state

23
Q
  1. hyperpolarisation
A

as MP approaches -70mV voltage gated K channels slowly close K ions continue to flow = ICF more negative
shifts to -90mV

24
Q

both voltage channels close

A

the movement of K and Na ions leak through leakage channels and ATPase pumps to restore RMP

25
Q

continuous conduction

A

unmyelinated axons
action potentials generated at voltage gated channels of axon
less 2 m/s

26
Q

saltatory conduction

A

myelinated axons
action potentials are generated at nodes of ranvier
more 100m/s

27
Q

information transfer

A
  1. action potential arrives & depolarise at axon terminal
  2. depolarisation stimulates voltage gated Ca channels to open and Ca enters axon terminals
  3. Ca entry triggers synaptic vesicle to release stored neurotransmitter
  4. neurotransmitter diffuses across synapse and binds to chemically gated channels
  5. influx of NA ions to ICF=PM depolarises
    excitatory postsynaptic potential produced
  6. EPSP travels & depolarises initial segment to threshold action potential generated = info transmitted
28
Q

termination of synaptic transmission

A

diffuses away
degraded by enzymes in synapse
reuptake

bioscience (10 decks)

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