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Histopathology > NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC DYES > Flashcards

NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC DYES Flashcards

1
Q

HEMATOXYLIN is a natural dye derived by extraction from the core or the heartwood of a Mexican tree called

A

Hematoxylin campechianum

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2
Q
  • It is by far the most valuable staining reagent used by the cytologists due to its powerful nuclear and chromatin staining capacity
A

HEMATOXYLIN

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3
Q

-It is not a true basic dye

A

HEMATOXYLIN

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4
Q
  • It is essential that the oxidant be used in correct amount, since excessive oxidation leads to production of other useless compounds. Using the least amount of oxidant will result in satisfactory staining and longer life of the stain.
A

HEMATOXYLIN

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5
Q

-Old histologic dye extracted from the female cochineal bug (Coccus cacti)

A

Cochineal Dyes

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6
Q

-treated w/ alum

A

Carmine (Dye)

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7
Q

-Widely used powerful chromatin and nuclear stain for fresh material and smear prep.

A

Cochineal Dyes

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8
Q

Demonstration of GLYCOGEN

A

Carmine + Aluminum chloride (Best’s Carmine)

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9
Q

Neuropathological studies

A

Carmine + Picric acid(Picrocarmine)

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10
Q

vegetable dye extracted from certain lichens which are normally colorless

A

Orcein

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11
Q

-treated w/ ammonia + air

A

Blue or Violet colors

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12
Q
  • weak acid, soluble in alkali
A

Orcein

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13
Q
  • used to stain Elastic fibers

- It is now primarily used as an indicator

A

Orcein

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14
Q

-known as” Coal Tar Dyes”

A

SYNTHETIC DYES

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15
Q

______-are derived from the hydro-carbon benzene (C6H6) and are collectively known as _________

A

SYNTHETIC DYES, Aniline dyes

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16
Q

are substances w/ definite atomic groupings and capable of producing visible color

A

Chromophores –

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17
Q
  • Before a chromogen can properly be called a dye, it must have the property of retaining its color in the tissue. This property is acquired by the addition of an
A

auxochrome

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18
Q

Dye Classification

A

Acid dyes, Basic dyes, and Neutral dyes

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19
Q

where the active coloring substance is found in the acid component, and the inactive base, e.g acid fuchsin, is usually the sodium salt of a sulfonate of rosaniline.

A

Acid Dyes

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20
Q

Where the active coloring substance is found in a basic component that combines with the acid radical

A

Basic Dyes –

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21
Q

Example of acid dyes

A 
Acid fuchsin
Picric acid (fix, differentiate or stain)
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22
Q

Example of basic dyes

A

Methylene blue (both indicator and dye)

23
Q

are formed by combining aqueous solutions of acid and basic dyes, capable of staining
cytoplasm and nucleus simultaneously and differentially.

A

Neutral Dyes

24
Q

Examples of Neutral Dyes

A

Romanosky dyes
Giemsa’s stain
Irishman’s stain –> leukocyte differentiation

25
Q

(recommended for progressive staining)

A

Aluminum hematoxylin

26
Q

used for regressive staining

A

Ehrlich Hematoxylin

27
Q
  • Sodium iodate hastens ripening process

- Suitable for tissues that have been subjected to acid decalcification

A

Ehrlich Hematoxylin

28
Q

exfoliating Cytology & sex chromosomes

A

Harris Hematoxylin

29
Q

exfoliating Cytology & sex chromosomes

A

Harris Hematoxylin

30
Q
  • Ripened by Mercuric oxide/chloride

- The addition of 4% glacial acetic acid will give a more precise nuclear staining

A

Harris Hematoxylin

31
Q
  • Another alum hematoxylin solution recommended for routine purposes, especially used in sequence with
    Celestine blue.
  • Artificially ripened with alcoholic iodine solution
A

Cole’s Hematoxylin

32
Q

ripened w/ sodium iodate

A

Mayer’s Hematoxylin

33
Q
  • It can be used as regressive stain, but it is also useful as a progressive stain
A

Mayer’s Hematoxylin

34
Q

During staining, alum hematoxylin stained sections are usually passed on to an alkaline solution in order to neutralize the acid and free the OH group, to form an insoluble blue aluminum hematin-tissue-lake.

A

Blueing

35
Q

Examples of Blueing agents:

A

Tap water, Lithium Carbonate, Bicarbonate, potassium or Sodium acetate may be used

36
Q
  • used only for differential and regressive staining, using acid-alcohol as a differentiating agent.
A

Iron Hematoxylin

37
Q

uses Ferric chloride as Mordant

A

Weigert’s Hematoxylin –

38
Q

Uses Ferric Ammonium chloride as the Mordant

A

Heidenhain’s Hematoxylin

39
Q

Modification of Iron Hematoxylin used to demonstrate Mitochondria

A

Regaud’s Hematoxylin for Mitochondria

40
Q

Examples of iron hematoxylin

A

Weigert’s
Heidenhain’s
Regaud’s

41
Q
  • also known as the original Mallory PTAH technique, combining hematoxylin with 1% aqueous phophotungstic acid, which acts as a mordant
A

Phosphotungstic Acid Hemtoxylin (PTAH)

42
Q

one of the most valuable stains used for differentially staining connective tissue and cytoplasm

A

EOSIN

43
Q

It is a red general cytoplasmic stain that combines with hemoglobin to give an orange color

A

EOSIN

44
Q
  • Cytoplasmic stain

- Commonly used as counterstain in H &E

A

eosin

45
Q

the commonly used, showing green yellow fluorescence especially in alcoholic medium.

A

Eosin Y-

46
Q

very faint bluish cast

A

Eosin B

47
Q

rarely used eosin

A

Eosin S

48
Q

It is the most common staining technique in histopathology. This uses a
combination of two dyes, Hematoxylin and Eosin used for demonstration of nucleus and cytoplasmic inclusions in clinical
specimens.

A

Hematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) staining

49
Q

Principle of H & E staining

A

Alum acts as mordant and hematoxylin containing alum stains the nucleus light blue

50
Q 
Example of a Basic stain.
A. Methylene blue 
B. Neutral Red 
C. Fuchsin 
D. Romanowsky dye
A

A

51
Q

Heidenhain’s Hematoxylin uses __________ as a mordant.

A

C.Ferric Ammonium Chloride

52
Q

. What dye is Normally Colorless but when treated with ammonia and exposed to air, produces blue or violet colors?

A

Orcein

53
Q

What is added to Chromogen to improve the retaining of color?

A

Auxochrome

54
Q

Simple benzene compounds + Chromophores=?

A

Chromogen

Histopathology (14 decks)

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