Endocrine Flashcards
name the fossa that the pituitary gland sits within
Hypophyseal fossa in sella turcica of sphenoid bone
name the sinus inferior to the pituitary gland
Sphenoid sinus
Name the structure immediately superior to the pituitary
Optic chiasm
name the structure that sits between the two lobes of the pituitary
Pars intermedia
Which gland of the pituitary is made of neural tissue?
Posterior
Name the three cell types found in the anterior pituitary
Acidophils
Basophils
Chromatophils
What do acidophils produce?
Growth hormone and prolactin
what do basophils produce?
ACTH, TSH, FHS & LH
Name the structure which connects the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary
The hypophyseal portal system
What is the arterial supply of the anterior pituitary gland?
Superior hypophyseal artery (branch of internal carotid)
Which veins drain the anterior pituitary?
Hypophyseal veins which then drain into the cavernous sinus
How are the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary connected?
Via neurones in the pituitary stalk
what is the arterial supply of the posterior pituitary?
Inferior hypophyseal artery (branch of internal carotid)
What is the venous drainage of the posterior pituitary?
Hypophyseal veins which drain into cavernous sinus
What vertebral level is the thyroid?
C5-T1
Name the strap muscles overlying the thyroid
Sternothyroid, sternohyoid, omohyoid
Name the nerves supplying the vocal cords
Recurrent & superior laryngeal nerves
which nerve do the superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves branch from?
vagus nerve
name the arterial supply of the thyroid and the main arteries each arises from
Superior thyroid artery (arises from external carotid)
Inferior thyroid artery (arises from right subclavian artery)
Thyroid ima artery (arises from brachiocephalic trunk)
Name the veins draining the thyroid and the main vein they are each draining into
Superior thyroid vein (drains into internal jugular vein)
Middle thyroid vein (drains into internal jugular vein)
Inferior thyroid vein (drains into left bachiocephalic vein)
What is contained within the colloid matrix of the thyroid?
Thyroglobulin bound to iodine
what is the function of thyroid clear / parafollicular cells?
Produce calcitonin
Where can parathyroid glands be found?
On the posterior and lateral aspect of the thyroid
what are the two cell types found in the parathyroid glands?
chief cells and oxyphil cells
Name the 3 layers of the adrenal cortex and what they produce
an outer zona glomerulosa (thin) SALT- Mineralocorticois (aldosterone)
a middle zona fasciculata (thick) SUGAR- Glucocorticoids (cortisol)
an inner zona reticularis (immediately adjacent to the medulla) SEX- Androgens
What cell type predominates the adrenal medulla and what does it produce?
Ovid chromatin cells. produce adrenaline and noradrenaline.
What is the arterial supply of the adrenal gland?
abdominal aorta
renal artery
Inferior phrenic artery
Describe the venous drainage of the adrenal gland
LHS = renal vein RHS = IVC
Name the 5 different parts of the pancreas
Ucinate process, head, neck, body, tail
Describe the arterial supply of the pancreas
Uncinate process= SMA
head & neck= Gastroduodenal artery
Body & tail = splenic artery
Which veins drain the pancreas?
Superior mesenteric branches of hepatic portal vein- drains the head of the pancreas
Pancreatic veins emptying into splenic vein- Drains the rest of the pancreas (excl. head)
Name the two important cell types in the pancreas
Islets of langerhans
Pancreatic acini
