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full anatomy course (mbchb) > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

Which part of the mediastinum does the heart lie in?

A

Middle

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2
Q

Which part of the heart makes up the apex

A

Left ventricle

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3
Q

What lies between the visceral and parietal pericardium?

A

Fluid filled pericardial space

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4
Q

Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic (C3,4,5)

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5
Q

Name 5 features of the RIGHT atrium

A
  1. Openings for IVC, SVC and coronary sinus
  2. Interatrial septum
  3. Fossa ovals (reminent of Foramen ovale)
  4. Musculi Pectinate
  5. Crista terminals
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6
Q

Which part of the heart houses the moderator band?

A

right ventricle

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7
Q

What is the function of the moderator band?

A

Prevents overdistension of the right ventricle

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8
Q

Where can trabecular carnae be found?

A

In the ventricular walls

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9
Q

What is the function of the trabecular carnae?

A

Prevent the walls of the ventricles from being suctioned together

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10
Q

Which chamber of the heart has completely smooth walls?

A

Left atrium

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11
Q

Which chamber of the heart forms the base (posterior border) of the heart?

A

Left atrium

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12
Q

What is the name of the muscle which contracts to pull open the heart valves/

A

Papillary muscle

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13
Q

Name the structure that connects the papillary muscle to the heart valve

A

Chordae tendinae

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14
Q

Name the valve that lies between the left atria and the left ventricle

A

The mitral (bicuspid) valve

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15
Q

Name the valve that lies between the left ventricle and the aorta

A

The aortic valve

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16
Q

Name the valve that lies between the right atrium and the right ventricle

A

Tricuspid valve

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17
Q

name the valve that lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary arteries

A

Pulmonary valve

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18
Q

Which heart valve has a different number of cusps compared to the rest?

A

Mitral valve only has 2 cusps- the rest all have 3

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19
Q

Name the three tissue layers in a blood vessel from outer layer to lumen

A 
External/adventitia (connective tissue)
Tunica media (smooth muscle and elastic fibres)
Tunica intima (endothelial cells)
20
Q

Name the tissue layers of the heart from superficial to deep

A 
Fibrous pericardium (epicardium)
Parietal serous pericardium (epicardium)
Pericardial space 
Visceral serous pericardium (epicardium)
Myocardium (heart muscle)
Endocardium (simple squamous epithelium)
21
Q

Which tissue/cell type are heart valves made from?

A

Endocardium

22
Q

Give an example of where you might find a continuous capillary

A

In muscle tissue

23
Q

Give an example of where you might find a fenestrated capillary

A

Renal corpuscle

24
Q

Give an example of where you might find a discontinuous capillary

A

Liver sinusoid

25
Q

From which week of gestation is the cardiovascular system functional?

A

Week 4

26
Q

From which embryological structure does the heart from?

A

Midgut (which forms from mesoderm)

27
Q

name the structure that allows blood to bypass the lungs by shunting blood from the left atrium to descending aorta in the foetus

A

Ductus arteriosus

28
Q

What does the ductus arterteriosus become once the baby is born?

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

29
Q

Name the structure which shunts blood between the left and right atrium. (bypasses lungs) in the fetus

A

Foramen ovale

30
Q

What does foramen ovale become once the baby is born?

A

Fossa ovalis

31
Q

name the structure which carried oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava in foetal life

A

Ductus venosum

32
Q

What does the ductus venosus become after birth?

A

Ligamentum venous

33
Q

Name the structure that controls the intrinsic rhythmicity of the heart

A

Sinoatrial node

34
Q

Name the nerves that control the extrinsic heart rate (not the pacemaker as set by SA node)

A

Vagus node - parasympathetic

Sympathetic nerves

35
Q

name the 7 structures found in the superior mediastinum

A
  1. Aortic arch & it’s 3 branches
  2. L & R Brachiocephalic veins
  3. Superior vena cava
  4. Vagus nerve
  5. Phrenic nerve
  6. Trachea
  7. Oesophagus
36
Q

Describe the innervation of the pericardium

A

visceral pericardium
- autonomic innervation from T1 –T4 & vagus via the cardiac plexus

parietal and fibrous layers
- phrenic nerve.

37
Q

which nerve can be found embedded in the fibrous pericardium on the lateral side of the heart?

A

Phrenic

38
Q

Name the Bessel supplying blood to the fibrous and parietal pericardium

A

Internal thoracic artery

39
Q

Name the vessel supplying blood to the visceral pericardium

A

coronary arteries

40
Q

Name the striations seen in the wall of the left atrium

A

Pectinate muscle

41
Q

Which coronary artery runs in the atrioventricular groove?

A

The right coronary artery

42
Q

Which coronary artery runs in the anterior interventricular groove?

A

left anterior interventricular artery

43
Q

name the coronary arteries

A
44
Q

Where do the coronary arteries come from?

A

They branch off the ascending aortic arch

45
Q

name the coronary veins

A
46
Q

Where do the coronary veins drain into?

A

into the coronary sinus which drains into the right atrium

full anatomy course (mbchb) (16 decks)

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