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full anatomy course (mbchb) > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

Draw the anatomical relations of the left and right kidneys

A
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2
Q

What structures are found in the cortex of the kidneys?

A

Glomerulus and convoluted tubules

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3
Q

What structures are found in the medulla of the kidneys?

A

Loop of henle and collecting duct

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4
Q

Describe the structures that urine must pass through in order to drain

A

Collecting duct ➡️ papillary duct in renal pyramid ➡️ minor calyx ➡️ major calyx ➡️ renal pelvis ➡️ ureter

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5
Q

What artery supplies the kidneys?

A

Renal artery

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6
Q

At what vertebral level do the renal arteries leave the abdominal aorta?

A

L1

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7
Q

Which vein drains the kidneys?

A

Renal vein (drains into IVC)

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8
Q

Name the structures in the renal hilum from most anterior to posterior

A

Vein, artery, ureter

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9
Q

Which lymph nodes drain the kidneys?

A

Para-aortic lymph nodes

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10
Q

What is the nerve supply of the kidneys?

A

Sympathetic nerves T12-L1 and parasympathetic input from vagus nerve

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11
Q

What structures make up the renal corpuscle?

A

Glomerulus and bowman’s capsule

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12
Q

What is the unrineferous tubule?

A

The nephron & the collecting duct

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13
Q

Where would you find the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule?

A

Inside the cup of bowmans capsule and is attached to the capillary inside the cup.

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14
Q

What is the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule made from?

A

Podocytes

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15
Q

Where would you find Bowman’s space and what is it’s function?

A

Between the visceral and parietal layers - it allows filtrate to drain.

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16
Q

Where would you find the parietal layer in the kidney corpuscle?

A

Attached to the outside of the Bowman’s capsule

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17
Q

What is the parietal layer made from?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

18
Q

What is the function of the macula densa?

A

senses changes in blood pessure and electrolytes and then regulates the release of renin from juxtaglomerular cells

19
Q

What is the function of the juxtaglomerular cells?

A

RELEASE RENIN

20
Q

What is the function of mesangial cells?

A

macrophages of the kidney which cn also contract like smooth musle

21
Q

Name the three components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

Macula densa, juxtaglomerular cells, mesangial cells

22
Q

Name the three narrowing in the ureters where stones can get stuck

A

Uretopelvic junction
Pelvic brim
Where the ureter enters the bladder

23
Q

Name the nerves which supply the ureters

A

T11-12

24
Q

Where can referred pain from a ureteric calculus be felt?

A

Back, side, scrotum, labia major, scrotum and anterior thigh

25
Q

What is the arterial supply of the ureters?

A

Renal arteries, ovarian/testicular arteries & abdominal aorta

26
Q

What is the venous drainage of the ureters?

A

Renal veins & Ovarian/testicular veins

27
Q

Name the smooth triangle in the bladder wall

A

Trigone

28
Q

What type of epithelium does the visceral layer of bowman’s capsule consist of?

A

Podocytes

29
Q

What type of epithelium does the parietal layer of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (inc bowman’s capsule) consist of?

A

Simple squamous

30
Q

What type of epithelium does the bladder, ureter and urethra consist of?

A

Transitional cell epithelia

31
Q

What type of epithelium does the loop of henle consist of?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

32
Q

What type of epithelium do the convoluted tubules and collecting duct consist of?

A

Simple cuboidal

33
Q

What is the arterial supply of the bladder?

A

internal iliac artery

34
Q

What vein drains the bladder?

A

Internal iliac vein

35
Q

Name the nerve supplies to the bladder

A

Sympathetic (T11-L2) constrict internal urethral sphincter
Parasympathetic (S2-4) motor innervation of detrusor muscle
Somatic pudental nerve (supplies external urethral sphincter)
Afferent/sensory- pain/distension of the bladder goes via the pelvic and hypogastric (sympathetic) fibres

36
Q

How long is th average male urethra?

A

18-20cm

37
Q

name the 4 different parts of the male urethra

A

Pre-prostatic part (intramural)
Prostatic part (contains ejaculatory duct made of vas defrens and seminal vesicle)
Membranous part
Spongy/penile part

38
Q

Name the artery that flops over the top of the renal vein

A

SMA

39
Q

What is the embryological origin of the kidneys

A

Intermediate plate mesoderm

40
Q

What is the embryological origin of the collecting duct, calyx, renal pelvis and ureter?

A

Ureteric bud

full anatomy course (mbchb) (16 decks)

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