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ABPP > Visual system > Flashcards

Visual system Flashcards

1
Q

Lesions of the optic chiasm result in

A

Bitemporal hemianopia

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2
Q

LH damage vs. RH damage effects on block design

A

LH - error with internal details, tend to recognize when incorrect RH - break configuration but see internal details, do not appreciate when incorrect, may skew to right space

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3
Q

Palinopsia

A

Persistence or reappearance of a recently viewed object; assoc. w/ parietal & occipital lobe lesions

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3
Q

Akinetopsia

A

Acquired cerebral motion blindness

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4
Q

A lesion of the optic nerve results in

A

Monocular visual loss or monocular scotomas

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5
Q

Clinical triad of Balint’s syndrome

A

Simultanagnosia, optic ataxia, ocular apraxia

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6
Q

Metamorphopsia

A

Condition in which objects have distorted shape & size; aka “Alice in Wonderland” syndrome Associated with disorders of the inferior or lateral visual association cortex

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7
Q

Formed visual hallucinations arise from

A

Inferior temporo-occipital visual association cortex

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8
Q

How is the pretectum involved in vision?

A

Changes in pupil size in response to light

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9
Q

Meyer’s loop

A

Inferior optic radiations that arc forward into the temporal lobe; carry info from the inferior retina or superior visual field

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9
Q

Cortical blindness

A

Caused by bilateral lesions to the primary visual cortex

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10
Q

Common causes of optic chiasm lesions

A

Pituitary adenoma, meningioma, craniopharyngioma, hypothalamic glioma

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11
Q

Lesions of the LGN result in

A

Contralateral homonymous hemianopsia

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11
Q

LH damage vs. RH damage effects on drawing

A

LH - drawing is spatially correct but oversimplified with omission of details RH - fragmented drawing, may have details but lost whole & spatial relations, may neglect L side

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13
Q

Macula

A

Oval region that surrounds the fovea

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14
Q

Info from the fovea is represented by what portion of fibers in the topic nerve?

A

~1/2

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14
Q

Blindsight

A

Despite lesions of the primary visual cortex & lack of conscious visual perception, some patients are able to perform tasks, appears to depend on info that is transmitted via extrageniculate visual pathways

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15
Q

Face/object recognition is localized to the

A

Midportion of the fusiform gyrus

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16
Q

The retina is supplied by what artery?

A

Ophthalmic

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17
Q

Anton’s syndrome

A

Syndrome in which patients with cortical blindness deny blindness & confabulate visual images

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17
Q

Dorsal visual stream

A

“where”, info regarding spatial analysis & orientation; runs along top side of cerebrum from occipital to parietal visual areas

17
Q

An inability to recognize facial emotion is associated with lesions to the

A

Bilateral amygdala

18
Q

Lesions of the lower/upper optic radiations result in

A

Lower - contralateral superior quadrantanopia Upper - contralateral inferior quadrantanopia

18
Q

Neuroanatomical correlate of Balint’s syndrome

A

Bilateral lesions to dorsolateral parieto-occipital cortex, most often MCA-PCA infarcts

19
Q

The “what” visual stream is supplied by what artery?

A

PCA

21
Q

Fortification scotoma

A

Visual blurring & scotomas with scintillating appearance or that consist of jagged alternating light & dark zigzag lines; seen in migraine

22
Q

Off-center receptors

A

Inhibited by light in the center of the receptive field & excited by light in the surrounding area

23
Q

Release phenomenon

A

Pts with visual deprivation in part or all of their visual fields caused by either ocular or CNS lesions may see objects, people, or animals in the region of visual loss

24
Q

STS stream

A

“specialized movement”; visual analysis of mvmt of body parts & biological objects; located in the superior temporal sulcus

26
Q

Amaurosis fugax

A

TIA of the retina

27
Q

Ventral visual stream

A

“what”, info regarding shape, pattern; runs along underside of cerebrum from occipital to temporal visual areas

29
Q

Charles Bonnet syndrome

A

Visual hallucinations following loss of vision due to cataracts, glaucoma, or age-related macular degeneration; may be simple or complex

30
Q

Optic disc

A

Region where axons leaving the retina gather to form the topic nerve

31
Q

The “where” visual stream is supplied by what artery?

A

MCA-PCA watershed area

33
Q

P cells

A

Have small receptive fields, sensitive to fine visual detail & colors, project to parvocellular layers of LGN

35
Q

Lesions of the upper/lower banks of the calcarine fissure result in

A

Upper - CL inferior quadrantanopia Lower - CL superior quadrantanopia

36
Q

On-center receptors

A

Excited by light in the center of the receptive field, inhibited by light in surrounding area

37
Q

Lesions of the entire calcarine fissure result in

A

CL homonymous hemianopia

38
Q

Bilateral lesions of the middle temporal gyrus result in

A

Akinetopsia - can’t perceive visual motion

39
Q

What percentage of retinal input is relayed to the striate cortex via the LGN?

A

70%

41
Q

Tectopulvinar pathway

A

Optic tract => superior colliculus => pulvinar => other visual cortical areas

42
Q

Lesions to the dorsal visual association pathway will result in

A

Visuospatial disorientation syndromes (visual neglect, dressing apraxia, simultanagnosia, Balint’s)

43
Q

Geniculostriate pathway

A

Optic tract => LGN => striate cortex

44
Q

M cells

A

Have large receptive fields, respond best to gross stimulus features & mvmt, project to magnoscellular layers of LGN

45
Q

Center-surround

A

Concentric receptive fields

46
Q

Lingula

A

Area below the calcarine fissure

47
Q

Hering’s opponent process theory of color vision

A

3 pairs of receptors: red/green, yellow/blue, white/black; excitation of one inhibits the other

48
Q

Young-Helmholz trichromatic theory of color vision

A

Red, blue, green receptors in the retina

49
Q

Cuneus

A

Area above the calcarine fissure

50
Q

What type of visual phenomena may be seen in occipital seizures?

A

Pulsating color lights or moving geometric shapes

51
Q

A man with a history of glaucoma complains of well-formed visual hallucinations. What is the name of this syndrome?

A

Charles Bonnet Syndrome

ABPP (34 decks)

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