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ABPP > Language & aphasia > Flashcards

Language & aphasia Flashcards

1
Q

Where is Wernicke’s area located?

A

Posterior 2/3 of superior temporal gyrus

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1
Q

Prognosis of transcortical sensory aphasia

A

Variable; pts with vascular etiology will often exhibit improvement of comprehension, improve to anomic aphasia, or nearly resolve

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1
Q

Subcortical aphasia Type III

A

Posterior & anterior extension (global aphasia)

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2
Q

Prognosis of transcortical motor aphasia

A

Variable, pts with vascular etiology may evolve to anomic aphasia or symptoms may nearly resolve

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3
Q

Prognosis of conduction aphasia

A

Variable; pts can recover & evolve to anomic aphasia or almost completely resolve

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4
Q

Subcortical aphasia Type I

A

Anterior superior extension; fluency marked by short phrases, impaired articulation, poor repetition for low frequency phrases, intact comprehension for semantic info, poor writing, poor comprehension of syntactic info

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4
Q

Word class effects

A

Tendency of aphasia pts to have differential ability depending on the type of word (e.g., Broca’s aphasics skip more connection words)

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4
Q

Paragrammatism

A

Inaccurate selection of function words

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5
Q

Where is Broca’s area located?

A

Opercular & triangular portions of the inferior frontal gyrus

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6
Q

Neuroanatomical correlate of transcortical motor aphasia

A

Lesion of dominant frontal lobe, often anterior or superior to Broca’s area

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7
Q

Role of Broca’s area

A

Translating neural word forms into their articulatory sequences & sequencing words & their endings into utterances that have meaning (appropriate syntactic structure)

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8
Q

Scanning speech

A

Speech disorder of cerebellar origin that is characterized by variable intonation assoc. w/ involuntary interruption between syllables

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9
Q

Profile of transcortical motor aphasia

A

Similar to Broca’s, but fluency less impaired, & repetition intact

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10
Q

What is the role of the right hemisphere in language?

A

Prosody, attitudinal, emotional, & gestural aspects of language & behavior

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11
Q

Typical course/presentation of subcortical aphasia

A

Usually mutism or hypophonic voicing, poor articulation; repetition better than speech due to fewer paraphasias & reduced dysarthria; comprehension often relatively preserved; frequently transient with acute onset

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12
Q

Neuroanatomical correlate of Wernicke’s aphasia

A

Lesion of dominant inferior perisylvian fissure, often extending superiorly to parietal region affecting the supramarginal gyrus

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14
Q

Morphemes

A

Smallest meaningful units of a word

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16
Q

Aphemia

A

Nonaphasic, nondysarthric impairment of fluency caused by problems with initiation & maintenance of motor mvmt

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17
Q

Profile of anomic aphasia

A

Impaired naming with frequent circumlocutions or paraphasias

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18
Q

Polygot

A

Individual who is fluent in more than on language, may display different patterns of language impairment & recovery for each language

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19
Q

Semantics

A

Meanings that correspond to all lexical items & all possible sentences

19
Q

Prognosis of Wernicke’s aphasia

A

Variable; pts with vascular etiology often exhibit improvement of comprehension, can evolve to transcortical sensory or conduction aphasia

20
Q

Prognosis of Broca’s aphasia

A

Variable; pts with vascular etiology frequently improve to anomic aphasia with mild reduced fluency

21
Q

Profile of global aphasia

A

Impaired fluency, comprehension, repetition, naming, & writing

22
Q

Profile of mixed transcortical aphasia

A

Similar to global but with intact repetition

24
Q

Phonemes

A

Individual sound units whose connection, in a particular order, produces morphemes

25
Q

Profile of Broca’s aphasia

A

Impaired fluency, repetition, naming, writing; relatively intact comprehension

25
Q

Right hemisphere damage impacts on language

A

Affects prosody, gesturing, emotional aspects, may change vocab selection, responses to complex statements, understanding of metaphors, decreased fluency

27
Q

Neuroanatomical correlate of Broca’s aphasia

A

Lesion of dominant anterior hemisphere

28
Q

Neuroanatomical correlate of mixed transcortical aphasia

A

Isolation of perisylvian fissure area by diffuse dominant hemisphere lesion; spares arcuate fasciculus

30
Q

Outcome of aphasia treatment is related to

A

Disease factors (profile, severity) Premorbid factors (intelligence, communication skills, vocab) Status of other skills (concurrent deficits) Pre/postmorbid coping

32
Q

Neuroanatomical correlate of global aphasia

A

Large lesions affecting both anterior & posterior regions of the left hemisphere; involves both Broca’s & Wernicke’s

33
Q

How is the angular gyrus involved in language?

A

Central area in processing of written language

34
Q

Spontaneous recovery is generally better for what type of language deficits?

A

Comprehension vs. output problems

36
Q

Profile of Wernicke’s aphasia

A

Fluent but unintelligible speech, impaired comprehension, repetition, & naming; fluent writing but with paraphasias & neologisms

37
Q

Prognosis of mixed transcortical aphasia

A

Variable; pts with vascular etiology may evolve to Broca’s or anomic aphasia

38
Q

Right hemisphere lesions can result in what language changes?

A

Changes in vocabulary selection, responses to complex statements; poor understanding of metaphors; reduction in understanding & use of prosody

39
Q

Syntax

A

Admissible combos of words in phrases & sentences (grammar)

39
Q

Profile of conduction aphasia

A

Fluent speech but with paraphasias & naming errors, intact comprehension & writing, markedly impaired repetition

40
Q

Stimulation of parts of the thalamus lead to what language phenomena?

A

Speech arrests, naming problems, perseveration, & protracted speech

41
Q

Neuroanatomical correlate of transcortical sensory aphasia

A

Lesion of dominant temporoparietal-occipital are or parieto-occipital area, posterior to Wernicke’s area

42
Q

Profile of transcortical sensory aphasia

A

Similar to Wernicke’s, but with intact repetition

43
Q

Neuroanatomical correlate of conduction aphasia

A

Lesion of dominant temporoparietal area, particularly supramarginal gyrus & underlying WM; arcuate fasciculus is damaged

44
Q

Arcuate fasciculus

A

Subcortical white matter pathway connecting Wernicke’s & Broca’s

45
Q

Subcortical aphasia Type II

A

Posterior extension; intact fluency but paraphasic, poor repetition, impaired names of letters but better naming of objects, poor comprehension but better than Wernicke’s, poor reading/writing

46
Q

Other than Broca’s, what other cortical areas are involved in naming?

A

Anterior superior & middle temporal gyri, left anterior cingulate, left ventral frontal, left medial occipital

47
Q

Disconnection of premotor & supplementary motor areas from Broca’s area may result in

A

Transcortical motor aphasia, aphemia

48
Q

Prognosis of global aphasia

A

Typically evolves to Broca’s aphasia with improvement in comprehension

49
Q

What is the role of Wernicke’s area?

A

Initial steps of language processing that enable particular sequences of sounds to be identified & comprehended as meaningful words

50
Q

Lexicon

A

Collection of all words in a given language

ABPP (34 decks)

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