L6: Autonomic and endocrine Flashcards
Which part of the pituitary gland do hypophysial portal veins extend to?
Anterior
What is a portal system?
a system of veins that begins and ends in capillaries
What is the reason for having a portal vein system in the pituitary gland?
Connected to the hypothalamus-> allows exchange of hormones for communication
How many hormones are produced by hypothalamus and pituitary gland?
Hypothalamus- 9( releasing or inhibiting hormones)- control pituitary
Pituitary - 7( controlling endocrine organs)
Which organ receives direct nerve signals from sympathetic preganglionic nerves
Adrenal medulla
What hormones are released from adrenal medulla?
Epinephrin and norepinephrin
What acts as secretory cells in the adrenal medulla?
Modified postganglionic “neurons”
What neurotransmitter stimulates adrenal medulla?
Ach from preganglionic sympathetic neurons
What are the effects of adrenal medulla stimulation and release of epi/norepi?
Same as sympathetic response: alarm response
What is the difference between sympathetic response and response stimulated by adrenal medulla?
Response from adrenal medulla has a later onset and lasts longer
1st stage of stress response:
- Alarm: fight or flight response:
- Sympathetic autonomic activation
- Sustained through action of adrenal medulla
What hormones are released from adrenal cortex?
-Mineralocorticoids
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What hormones are released from adrenal cortex?
- Mineralocorticoids
- Glucocorticoids
How do mineralocorticoids increase blood volume and pressure?
increase Na+ and water and decrease K+
What are mineralocorticoids stimulated by?
Increased K+ and angiotensin 2
