Study Questions Chap 10-15

Question 1

Leaf scorch, girdling roots, and mineral deficiencies are examples of _____ disorders.

Answer 1

abiotic

Question 2

Insect damage to trees is usually the result of feeding or ____ ____.

Answer 2

egg laying

Question 3

Name 6 insects pests of trees with chewing mouth parts.

Answer 3

a) beetles
b) caterpillars
c) weevils
d) leafminers
e) borers
f) webworms

Question 4

Name the 4 factors required for a tree disease

Answer 4

a) susceptible host
b) pathogenic organism
c) suitable environment
d) proper timing

Question 5

Curling and cupping of the foliage and parallel venetian are common symptoms of _____ damage.

Answer 5

herbicide

Question 6

_____ can be described as any factor that limits a plant’s ability to acquire sufficient light, water or essential minerals.

Answer 6

Stress

Question 7

_____ _____ are organisms that are frequently encountered in landscapes, predictably cause injury to plants, and may include particularly noxious pests in the area.

Answer 7

key pests

Question 8

PHC practitioners must choose from 3 pest management goals:

Answer 8

a) prevention
b) eradication
c) suppression

Question 9

_____ _____ are derived from certain bacterial pathogens of insects.

Answer 9

Microbial pesticides

Question 10

Products that contain _____ _____ (BT) are examples of microbial pesticides that utilize insect pathogens or lethal microbial byproducts derived from extracts of bacterial pathogens of insects.

Answer 10

bacillus thuringiensis

Question 11

The biological control strategy is based on the concept that many insects pests live in a natural, dynamic balance with _____, _____, and _____ that control past populations.

Answer 11

predators, parasites, and pathogens

Question 12

List the 3 components of risk assessment

Answer 12

a) potential for failure
b) environment that may contribute to failure
c) potential target

Question 13

When performing a tree assessment, it is important to develop and stick to a _____ process

Answer 13

systematic

Question 14

For structural strength, branches should be _____ in diameter than their parent limbs or trunk.

Answer 14

smaller

Question 15

_____ _____ fungi primarily decay the lignin within and between cell walls in the wood.

Answer 15

white rot

Question 16

List 5 indicators of decay in a tree

Answer 16

a) open wounds/cavities
b) fruiting bodies (mushrooms, conks)
c) cracked or loosened bark
d) certain insects
e) birds, bees, other animals

Question 17

List 4 potential options for mitigating tree risk

Answer 17

a) removal of the tree or limb(s)
b) pruning
c) cabling
c) bracing

Question 18

Name 5 ways that trees can be adversely affected by construction.

Answer 18

a) root injury
b) soil compaction
c) injury to trunk or branches
d) grade change
e) excavation or severing root system

Question 19

The 5 phases of land development are:

Answer 19

a) planning
b) design
c) grading
d) construction
e) maintenance

Question 20

True/False
There is far more that an arborist can do to treat trees that have been damaged by construction then to prevent the damage.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

The _____ _____ _____ is the area around the tree or groups of trees in which no grading, excavation or construction activity is to occur.

Answer 21

tree protection zone

Question 22

Name 7 insects with piercing or sucking mouth parts.

Answer 22

a) aphids
b) adelgids
c) scales
d) leafhoppers
e) mealybugs
f) true bugs
g) psyllids

Question 23

Urban forestry is the management of naturally occurring and planted trees and associated plants in urban areas. Arboriculture focuses on the ____; urban forestry focuses on the _____ or larger populations of trees in urban areas

Answer 23

tree, forest

Question 24

List 5 allied professionals or groups that an urban forester should learn to communicate with.

Answer 24

a) urban planners
b) civil engineers
c) public works officials
d) government agencies
e) the public

Question 25

List 6 economic benefits of trees

Answer 25

a) increased residential and business property values
b) increased tax base for community
c) attract visitors, businesses, and new residents
d) increase rental of apartments and offices and reduce vacancy rates
e) encourage shoppers to linger
f) defer maintenance on materials that degraded by heat (e.g. asphalt)

Question 26

List 7 environmental benefits of trees

Answer 26

a) improve air quality
b) carbon sequestering
c) reduce greenhouse gases
d) conserve energy by protecting surroundings from wind and sun
e) cool the air thru transpiration
f) reduce stormwater runoff and erosion
g) provide wildlife habitat

Question 27

List 8 social benefits of trees

Answer 27

a) reduce stress
b) reduce mental fatigue
c) enhance mental health
d) enhance recuperation rates
e) reduce psychological precursors to crime
f) enhance community pride
g) heal and restore communities
h) increase recreational opportunities

Question 28

List 6 types of data that are typically collected in a tree inventory.

Answer 28

a) Species
b) diameter
c) location
d) condition codes
e) maintenance codes
f) notes

Question 29

A _____ _____ policy statement should set out the policies for identifying, assessing, reporting, and mitigating risks

Answer 29

Risk management

Question 30

A _____ _____ _____ is a legal regulation, established by the local authority, that protects a tree or multiple trees.

Answer 30

Tree protection order

Question 31

Managing large populations of trees under the common urban pressures and financial restraints of a municipality requires a strong, well-thought-out _____ _____.

Answer 31

management plan

Question 32

To maintain species diversity in the urban forest, a common guideline is to aim for densities not to exceed _____% from a single parent family, _____% of a single genus, and _____% of a single species.

Answer 32

30%, 20%, 10%

Question 33

Name 6 pieces of personal protective equipment that are generally required for all tree workers

Answer 33

a) hard hat
b) eye protection
c) hearing protection (if needed)
d) leg protection (if needed)
e) sturdy boots
f) appropriate clothing

Question 34

All workers should receive some a should receive some education and training in _____ _____ procedures including CPR, first aid and aerial rescue

Answer 34

Emergency response

Question 35

Generally the depths of the felling notch should not exceed _____-_____ of the diameter of the tree.

Answer 35

one-third

Question 36

If a victim is not breathing, it is necessary to perform _____ _____

Answer 36

Artificial respiration