Misc Facts

Question 1

List 3 ways trees can help to control runoff: (#14)

Answer 1

a) holding rain on leaves and bark
b) roots retaining soil water
c) fallen leaves create a layer on the ground that prevents rain from making it to the ground

Question 2

What is the safety factor formula? (#66)

Answer 2

safety factor = Limiting load /working load

Question 3

List the 4 roles of xylem: (#85)

Answer 3

a) conduction of water and elements
b) storing carbohydrates
c) protect against disease and decay
d) support the tree itself

Question 4

Describe the four walls of CODIT and which walls make up the reaction zone. (#90)

Answer 4

Wall 1 resists vertical spread
Wall 2 resists inward
Wall 3 inhibits lateral spread
Wall 4 protects against outward spread

Walls 1, 2, 3 are the reaction zone

Question 5

What are the 8 negative effects of topping? (#96)

Answer 5

a) starvation
b) increased disease
c) potential for insects
d) weaker limbs
e) death
f) poor aesthetics
g) rapid growth
h) shock

Question 6

Describe the 3 types of pruning shears. (#112)

Answer 6

~Anvil-straight blade with splitting action
~Bypass-scissor like action; used commonly with growing stems
~Ratchet-stage cut anvil structure

Question 7

Describe 4 types of pruning techniques. (#113)

Answer 7

~Cleaning-removal of dead, diseased or problematic branches
~Thinning-cleaning and selective removal to increase light or air penetration
~Raising-removal of lower branches to raise clearance
~Reduction-reduce the size of the tree

Question 8

List 8 causes of deformed leaves. (#123)

Answer 8

1) spray
2) leaf galls
3) fungus
4) virus
5) herbicide
6) frost
7) anthracnose
8) insects

Question 9

How do you calculate a degree day? (#141)

Answer 9

Degree day = Ave daily temp – threshold temperature

Question 10

What are the maximum populations for tree diversity? (#153)

Answer 10

30% of a single plant family
20% of a single genus
10% of a single species

Question 11

List 5 elements of an urban forest management plan. (#154)

Answer 11

1) planting plan
2) preservation plan
3) emergency response
4) observations
5) removal plan

Question 12

In a lightning protection system, what is the maximum radius for a single conductor (#171)

Answer 12

35 feet

Question 13

List and describe four methods of irrigating trees. (#209)

Answer 13

1) Drip irrigation-localized and economical use of water to reduce waste and run off
2) Portable-used for transplanted trees or areas of drought
3) Basin-distributes water to a shallow depth best for young absorbing roots
4) High-pressure injection-used for deep root systems

Question 14

List 3 characteristics of a high-quality tree. (#232)

Answer 14

1) strong form of trunk and branches
2) strong root system
3) no damage or disease

Question 15

What are 5 minimum requirements for the standard OSHA job briefing. (#255)

Answer 15

1) Hazards associated with the work
2) Procedure
3) Special precautions
4) Control of energy
5) PPE required

Question 16

List 6 high-risk tree work scenarios. (#259)

Answer 16

1) Trees on unstable ground or steep slopes
2) trees with a heavy lean
3) Trees with stem or root rot
4) trees known to split
5) operating a chainsaw above shoulder height
6) operating a chainsaw above ground level such as from a tree or ladder

NOTE: Cutting directly overhead is prohibited

Question 17

Chainsaw safety requirements include these 4 things: (#258)

Answer 17

1) metal or plastic fuel container
2) fueling at least 10’ away from an Ignition source
3) approved by the appropriate entities
4) fuel tank is no greater than 5 gallons

Question 18

What are 5 benefits of using blocks rather than the crotch of a tree? (#281)

Answer 18

1) reduce rope wear
2) decrease dynamic loading
3) increase control
4) decrease wear
5) decrease tree damage

Question 19

What are the 5 organs of a plant? (#283)

Answer 19

1) leaves
2) roots
3) stems
4) fruit
5) flowers

Question 20

List 5 disadvantages of topping. (#304)

Answer 20

1) Poor aesthetics
2) Potential tree death
3) rapid growth of sprouts
4) Shock due to increased sunlight
5) susceptibility to disease

Question 21

What are the 5 steps of structural pruning for young tree? (#305)

Answer 21

1) removal of broken and damaged branches
2) establish a dominant leader leader
3) establish the lowest permanent branch
4) establish scaffold a branches
5) selection and subordination of temporary branches

Question 22

What are 3 objectives of regular pruning? (#315)

Answer 22

1) prevent defects
2) prevent the development of codominant stems
3) control the development of lower limbs

Question 23

What are 6 precautions to take when root pruning? (#316)

Answer 23

1) avoid larger roots
2) minimize the number of roots cut
3) cut as far away from the trunk as possible
4) older trees will be more stressed then younger trees
5) trees in poor health should not be root pruned
6) trees with a significant lean may have structural integrity issues if root pruned

Question 24

Name four pruning techniques (#321).

Answer 24

~Vista-increasing the view through the tree
~Thinning-cleaning and selective removal to increase light or air penetration
~Raising-removal of lower branches to raise canopy
~Reduction-reduce of the size of the tree

Question 25

Name 3 types of implementation methods for biological control (#350)

Answer 25

~Augmentation-helping the existing population by supplementing their needs
~Introduction-providing a new species in hopes of natural control
~Conservation-maintaining the existing population

Question 26

Describe the 3 choices for cable when using a tree support system (#368)

Answer 26

~7-strand common-grade: lower strength and flexible
~Extra-high-strength: high strength, low flexibility
~Aircraft cable: high strength and flexibility but limited in the choices of anchors

Question 27

A cabling system should be installed at ___/___ the distance from the ____ ____ to the ____ of the ____. (#373)

Answer 27

2/3
weak point
end of the limbs