Time Period 1 (Chapter 1)

Question 1

Canadian Shield

Answer 1

first part of the North American landmass to rise above sea level

Question 2

Incas

Answer 2

Native American civilization that controlled present-day Peru until they were conquered by Francisco Pizzaro in 1532

Question 3

Aztecs

Answer 3

Native American civilization established in Mexico, known for religious human sacrifices, mathematics, and writing; they were conquered by Hernan Cortes and his forces in 1592

Question 4

nation-states

Answer 4

a sovereign (free) state whose citizens/subjects are relatively similar in characteristics (language, heritage, religion, etc.)

Question 5

Cahokia

Answer 5

Mississippian civilization near present day East St, Louis that sheltered more than 25,000 Native Americans

Question 6

Three-Sister Farming

Answer 6

advanced agricultural practice created by Native Americans of growing beans, corn, and squash all together to maximize crop yield

Question 7

Middlemen

Answer 7

Dealers in the Mideastern terrain that would make Europeans pay a toll and make their journey for resources more costly

Question 8

caravel

Answer 8

small regular vessel with a high deck and three triangular sails

Question 9

plantation

Answer 9

large agricultural system that utilized slave labor

Question 10

Columbian Exchange

Answer 10

The New and Old Worlds collide and trade goods such as wheat, corn, and diseases. Africa was forced to give slave labor to the New World.

Question 11

Treaty of Tordesillas

Answer 11

signed by Spain and Portugal, where Spain got the lands East of an imaginary line in the Atlantic and Portugal got the lands West of that line. Portugal focused on Africa while Spain got the New World and focused on conquering it.

Question 12

Conquistadors

Answer 12

16th century Spanish explorers who were tasked with fanning out across the Americas and conquering lands for the Spanish empire

Question 13

Capitalism

Answer 13

economic system characterized upon open and free markets, private property, and generally free trade

Question 14

encomienda

Answer 14

Spanish governments gave an Indian to a certain colonist in exchange for a promise that they would Christianize them

Question 15

Noche Triste

Answer 15

“sad night” when the Aztecs were attacked by Hernan Cortes and his forces

Question 16

mesitos

Answer 16

People of mixed European and Indian heritage/decent most notable in Mexico

Question 17

Battle of Acoma

Answer 17

Spanish conquistadors had attacked the Acoma Pueblo (village) and killed 500 Acoma men and about 300 Acoma women and children in January 1599

Question 18

Pope’s Rebellion

Answer 18

Native Americans revolt and destroy Spanish Catholic churches around New Mexico and drive Spanish settlers out

Question 19

Black Legend

Answer 19

a false notion that Spanish settlers did little but kill off Native Americans and steal their gold in the name of Christ

Question 20

Ferdinand of Aragon & Isabella of Castile

Answer 20

Two Spanish monarchs who married, uniting Spain, and who both supported Christopher Columbus’ journey to finding a new and faster way to get to Asian markets, leading to his discovery of the West Indies

Question 21

Christopher Columbus

Answer 21

Geonese explorer who was sent to find a faster trade route from Europe to Asia

Question 22

Francisco Coronado

Answer 22

Spanish explorer who went from present day New Mexico to present day Kansas in search of fabled golden cities for his Spanish king

Question 23

Francisco Pizarro

Answer 23

Spanish conquistador who had conquered the Incan empire back in 1532 and founded the city of Lima, Peru

Question 24

Hernan Cortes

Answer 24

Spanish conquistador who had conquered the Aztec empire and claimed Mexico for Spain

Question 25

Bartolome De Las Casas

Answer 25

Spanish missionary who documented the mistreatment of Natives in the encomienda system and hoped to abolish this system

Question 26

Malinche (Dona Marina)

Answer 26

enslaved Native American who served as a translator for Hernan Cortes before he attacked the Aztecs. She got married to one of his men and had been taken back to Spain with him.

Question 27

Mocteszuma

Answer 27

last of the Aztec rulers who watched his empire crumble when they were attacked by Hernan Cortes

Question 28

Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot)

Answer 28

Italian explorer sent by English King Henry VII to explore the northeastern coast of North America in 1497 and 1948

Question 29

Robert de La Salle

Answer 29

French explorer tasked with traveling and exploring the Mississippi River in the 1680’s

Question 30

Father Junipero Serra

Answer 30

A Franciscan priest tasked with going along the California coast with the aim of Christianizing the Natives