Time Period 1 (Chapter 2)

Question 1

Protestant Reformation

Answer 1

Movement to reform the catholic church started by Martin Luther in Germany.

Called for the Church to translate the bible from Latin, because very few could read Latin, questioned the authority of the pope, and sought to eliminate the selling of indulgences.

England had it’s Protestant Reformation when King Henry VIII broke from the Roman Catholic Church

Question 2

Roanoke Island

Answer 2

Sir Walter Raleigh’s failed settlement off the coast of North Carolina

Question 3

Spanish Armada

Answer 3

Spanish fleet defeated in the English Channel in 1588. Their defeat marked the beginning of the end for the Spanish Empire.

Question 4

Primogenture

Answer 4

Legal principal in Europe that stated the oldest son of the family get’s all the parent’s inheritence, while younger children get nothing. Forced people like Drake, Gilbert, and Raleigh, to be explorers as they had nothing to lose.`

Question 5

joint-stock company

Answer 5

Short-term partnership between 2 or more companies to sponsor a commercial enterprise, not expected to last long. This had sponsored England’s early colonial adventures.

Question 6

charter

Answer 6

legal document granted to the people of Jamestown that basically said they will be away from home, but will be given the same rights and under the same laws as they would have if they were still in England

Question 7

Jamestown

Answer 7

First permanent English settlement in the New World in Virginia in 1607. Founded by the Virginia Company.

Question 8

First Anglo-Powhatan War

Answer 8

series of clashes between Powhatan confederacy and Virginian settlers. Settlers burned and pillaged their villages and applied tactics used in England’s campaign against Ireland.

Question 9

Second Anglo-Powhatan War

Answer 9

last ditch effort by Powhatans to get rid of the English settlers in Virginia. The resulting peace treaty separated the Indians and settlers areas of living.

Question 10

Act of Toleration

Answer 10

Passed in Maryland; it guaranteed toleration for all Christians but declared the death penalty for anyone who denied the “divinity of god” aka Jews and Atheists

Question 11

Barbados slave code

Answer 11

First formal statute that gave Masters full control over their slaves, governing the treatment of slaves but lacked penalties for mistreatment

Question 12

squatters

Answer 12

frontier families who illegally occupied land owned by others or land not open to the public for settlement

Question 13

Tuscarora War

Answer 13

Began with an Indian attack on Newbern, North Carolina. After Tuscarora’s were defeated, surviving Indians had moved northward and eventually joined the Iroquois Confederacy.

Question 14

Yamasee Indians

Answer 14

Defeated by south Carolinians in the war of 1715-1716 and their defeat devastated the last of the costal Indian tribes in the Southern colonies.

Question 15

buffer

Answer 15

A territory between 2 antagonistic powers, intended to minimalize conflict between the people. Georgia was the buffer for England and Spain

Question 16

Iroquois Confederacy

Answer 16

6 tribes bound together:
- Mohawks. Iroquois, Oneida, Onondagas, Cayuga, and Seneca
in the Mohawk valley of what is now New York State

Question 17

Henry VIII

Answer 17

Monarch that launched the Protestant reformation when he broke away from the catholic church to divorce Catherine of Aragon`

Question 18

Elizabeth I

Answer 18

Protestant queen of England, whose 45 year reign firmly secured the angelican church. Dubbed the “virgin queen” because she never married.

Question 19

Sir Francis Drake

Answer 19

Sea dog that stole Spanish treasures for Queen Elizabeth I, in hopes to make up for England’s sad colonization failures.

Question 20

Sir Walter Raleigh

Answer 20

Started the failed colony of Roanoke in North Carolina; was once a favorite of Queen Elizabeth I but lost her favor when he secretly married one of her maids of honor.

Question 21

James I

Answer 21

Formerly james VI of Scotland but became James I of England after Elizabeth I died; supported overseas exploration and granted a charter to the Virginia Company in 1606 for them to settle Jamestown.

Question 22

Captain John Smith

Answer 22

English adventurer who took control of Jamestown in 1608. he was kidnapped and put into a mock trial, ended up “saved” by Pocahontas, enabling him to create ties with the Powhatans. Forced gold hungry colonists to work and be more productive.

Question 23

Powhatan

Answer 23

Chief of Powhatan Confederacy; daughter is Pocahontas; staged the mock execution of John Smith in 1607. Led the Powhatans in the first angle-Powhattan war, negotiating a tenuous peace in 1614

Question 24

Pocahontas

Answer 24

Daughter of Powhatan; served as a mediator between Indians and colonists. She married John Rolfe and sailed with him to England, but died before she could return back to the colonies.

Question 25

Lord De La Warr

Answer 25

colonial governor who enforced military rule over Jamestown in 1610. Colony of Delaware was named after him. was a veteran of the Irish campaign and employed Irish tactics in his war against Indians.

Question 26

John Rolfe

Answer 26

Married Pocahontas in 1614 to seal peace between indians and colonists

Question 27

Lord Baltimore

Answer 27

Established Maryland as a haven for Catholics and unsuccessfully tried to reconstitute the English manorial system in the colonies and gave his Catholic family vast tracks of land, which soon created tension between seaboard Catholics and backcountry protestants.

Question 28

Oliver Cromwell

Answer 28

Puritan general who helped lead parlimental forces in England’s Civil War and ruled England as Lord Protector from 1653 until his death in 1658

Question 29

James Oglethorpe

Answer 29

Soldier-statesmen and founder of Georgia. Established Georgia as a haven for debtors seeking to avoid imprisonment. Repelled a Spanish attack on the English colonies successfully in the war of Jenkin’s ear with his forces

Question 30

Hiawatha`

Answer 30

Founder of the Iroquois Confederacy, which united the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca tribes in the late 16th century