Time Period 1 (Chapter 3)

Question 1

Calvinism

Answer 1

dominant theological credo if the New England Puritans based on the teachings of John Calvin. They believed in predestination (only the elect were destined for salvation)

Question 2

Predestination

Answer 2

Calvinist doctrine that God foreordained people to be saved or to be damned. Those who believed they were destined for salvation, tried to lead sanctified lives.

Question 3

Conversion

Answer 3

Calvinist’s way of confirming an individual’s part among the “elect” or “visible saints”

Question 4

Puritans

Answer 4

English Protestant reformers who wanted to purify the Church of England of Catholic rituals and creeds. They believed only visible saints should be admitted.

Question 5

Separatists

Answer 5

Smaller group of English Puritans who wanted to separate from the Church of England.

Question 6

Mayflower Compact

Answer 6

Signed by those on the Mayflower, agreeing for a majoritarian government. This was the first step towards self government in the colonies.

Question 7

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Answer 7

Est. by non-separating puritans, it grew to be the most largest and influential of the New England colonies

Question 8

Great Migration

Answer 8

70,000 european refugees moved to the North American colonies, specifically New England and the Caribbean. The 20,000 who came to MA largely believed in establishing a christian settlement.

Question 9

antinomanism

Answer 9

belief that the elect need not follow the rules of God or Man. most notably espoused in the colonies by Anne Hutchinson

Question 10

Fundamental Orders

Answer 10

protestant christian movement emphasizing the literal truth of the Bible and opposing religious modernism

Question 11

Pequot War

Answer 11

series of clashes between English settlers and Pequot Indians in the Connecticut River Valley. ended in their slaughter

Question 12

King Philip’s War

Answer 12

series of assaults by Metacom (King Philip) on English settlements in New England. Slowed the westward migration of New England for decades.

Question 13

English Civil War

Answer 13

armed conflict between royalists and parliamentarians, resulting in the victory of pro-parliamentary forces and the execution of Charles I.

Question 14

Dominion of New England

Answer 14

administrative union create by royal authority, incorporating all of New England, New York, and East/West Jersey. Under rule of Sir Edmond Andros who curved popular assemblies, taxed residents without consent, and enforced the navigation laws

Question 15

Navigation Laws

Answer 15

series of laws passed starting in 1651 to regulate colonial shipping. they provided that only english ships would be allowed to trade in the colonies and that all goods destined for the colonies has to pass through England first.

Question 16

Glorious (Bloodless) Revolution

Answer 16

peaceful overthrow of the unpopular Catholic Monarch, James I, replacing him w/ dutch-born William III and Mary, James I’s daughter.

Question 17

salutary neglect

Answer 17

relaxed royal control over colonial trade and weak enforcement of the Navigation Laws. Lasted from the Glorious Revolution to the French and Indian War.

Question 18

patroonships

Answer 18

vast tracks of land along the Hudson River in New Netherlands granted to wealthy promoters in exchange for bringing 15 settlers to the property

Question 19

Blue Laws

Answer 19

passed in Puritan New England and PA, known as Sumptuary Laws, they were designed to restrict personal behavior in accord with a strict code of morality.

Question 20

Martin Luther

Answer 20

German Friar who touched off the Protestant Reformation

Question 21

John Calvin

Answer 21

french protestant reformer whose religious teachings formed the theological principal basis for English Puritans. argued humans are weak and wicked, God was all-seeing and all-powerful, and he predestined souls

Question 22

William Bradford

Answer 22

Euridite leader of the Separatist Pilgrims who left England for Holland and eventually sailed the Mayflower to est. the first English colony in MA.

Question 23

John Winthrop

Answer 23

first governor of MA Bay Colony. Able admin/ devout puritan, who helped to ensure prosperity of the colony and enforce the puritan orthodoxy

Question 24

Anne Hutchinson

Answer 24

Antinomian religious dissenter brought to trial for heresy in MA Bay Colony after arguing she need not follow God’s or Man’s law and claiming direct revelation from god

Question 25

Rodger Williams

Answer 25

Salem minister who advocated for a complete break from the Church of England and criticized the MA Bay Colony for unlawfully taking land from Indians. Banished for heresy, he est. a small community in Rhode Island, later getting a charter from England

Question 26

Massasoit

Answer 26

Wampanoag chief who signed a peace treaty with english settlers, helping the celebrate the first thanksgiving

Question 27

Metacom (King Philip)

Answer 27

Wampanoag cheif who led a brutal campaign against Puritan settlers in New England from 1675-1676. Eventually captured and killed.

Question 28

Charles II

Answer 28

Assumed the throne w/ the restoration of monarchy in 1660. Sought to establish firm control over the colonies, ending relative independence

Question 29

Sir Edmond Andros

Answer 29

Royal appointed admin of the Dominion of New England, who stopped their town meetings, taxed them with no representation. They dispatched him back to England

Question 30

William III and Mary

Answer 30

Installed to the throne during the Glorious Revolution of 1689. They relaxed control over the colonies, creating a period of salutary neglect.

Question 31

Henry Hudson

Answer 31

English explorer who ventured up the Hudson River and into the New York bay for the Dutch in 1609 in search of a northwest passage

Question 32

Peter Stuyvesant

Answer 32

Director general of Dutch New Netherlands from 1645 until the colony fell to the British

Question 33

Duke of York

Answer 33

Catholic English Monarch who reigned as James II. When the English seized New Amsterdam in 1664, they named it in the Duke’s honor

Question 34

William Penn

Answer 34

Established PA as a haven for fellow Quaker’s in 1681. Est. friendly relations with neighboring Indians, and attracted a wide array of settlers with promises of economic opportunities as well as ethnic and religious tolerance