Terms Unit 1-4

Question 1

4 Basic Tissue Types

Answer 1

Epithelium
Connective Tissue
Nervous Tissue
Muscle

Question 2

Tissue (def)

Answer 2

Collection of cells & intercellular substances organized to perform particular function

Question 3

Dog (scientific name)

Answer 3

Canis familiaris

Question 4

Cat (scientific name)

Answer 4

Felis catus

Question 5

Pig (scientific name)

Answer 5

Sus scrofa domestica

Question 6

Sheep (scientific name)

Answer 6

Ovis aries

Question 7

Goat (scientific name)

Answer 7

Capra hircus

Question 8

Horse (scientific name)

Answer 8

Equus caballus

Question 9

Ox (scientific name)

Answer 9

Bos taurus

Question 10

Chicken (scientific name)

Answer 10

Gallus gallus

Question 11

How does nucleus stain and why?

Answer 11

Darker since more acidic
“basophilic”

Question 12

Chromatin (types & structure)

Answer 12

Heterochromatin: condensed, inactive
Euchromatin: dispersed, active

Question 13

Nucleolus function & structure

Answer 13

F: making ribosomal RNAs
S: nuclear organized=lighter stain, central

Question 14

Cell membrane (plasmalemma) function & structure

Answer 14

Function: selective barrier, selective transport, sensor
Structure: lipids- barrier to water, messengers
proteins- enzymes, channel proteins, receptors
carbohydrate- glycocalyx

Question 15

Endocytosis Types

Answer 15

Pinocytosis: non-selective, takes in volume from outside (“cell drinking”)
Receptor-mediated: selective, binding to receptors=transport
Phagocytosis: membrane surrounds & enclosed in cyto

Question 16

Exocytosis

Answer 16

secretion

Question 17

Autophagy

Answer 17

cell rids of own debris/components
“recycling”

Question 18

Rough ER

Answer 18

Function: synthesize proteins via ribosomes
Abundant in secretory cells

Question 19

Smooth ER

Answer 19

proteins transported here, detoxification, metabolism
Ca2+

Question 20

Lysosomes (primary & secondary)

Answer 20

Function: cellular digestion
Primary: before fusion of material
Secondary: digestive material present/fused

Question 21

Mitochondria

Answer 21

Function: make ATP (oxidation cycles)
Structure: inner/outer membrane, matrix (citric acid & fatty acid oxid), cristae (folds)

Question 22

3 Types of Cytoskeleton Filaments

Answer 22

Microfilaments
Microtubules
Intermediate filaments

Question 23

Microfilaments

Answer 23

Actin
Function for endo/exocytosis, microvilli movement, cell migration, structural framework

Question 24

Microtubules

Answer 24

Tubulin protein subunits
Function: cell shape, intracell support, motility (cilia, flagella), organizing centers (basal bodies, centrioles), bending (axoneme)

Question 25

Intermediate filaments

Answer 25

Function: mechanical strength, nuclear structure
specific to cell-type
Mark for tumor if metastasizes
(example- lamins)

Question 26

Cytoplasmic Inclusions

Answer 26

less active than organelles
Lipid droplets
Carbohydrate accumulations
Melanin
Residual bodies

Question 27

Lipid droplets

Answer 27

Material deposits for later use (inactive)
throughout cyto
Used for synthesis of steroid hormones
Many in SER!

Question 28

Carbohydrate accumulations

Answer 28

Glycogen release energy during exercise

Question 29

Melanin

Answer 29

Pigment that partly shades nuclei

Question 30

Residual bodies

Answer 30

cells active at breaking down accumulated materials
Create lipfusin granules

Question 31

Golgi complex (+ how it stains)

Answer 31

Package/send proteins
Lighter/less stained because more active in cell

Question 32

Which cell structures are basophilic?

Answer 32

Nucleus
Neuron

Question 33

Epithelium Function

Answer 33

Protection
Absorption
Secretory

Question 34

Epithelium structure

Answer 34

tightly fit, sealed apical ends, little intercell space, avascular, free surface, attached to BM

Question 35

Epithelium derivation & location

Answer 35

Ectoderm –> skin, nervous tissue
Endoderm –> GI, respiratory
Mesoderm –> circulatory, muscle