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Microanatomy > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Connective Tissue

A

Connective Tissue Proper
Cartilage
Bone
Blood
Bone Marrow

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2
Q

Components of Connective Tissues

A

Cells
Fibers
Ground Substance

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3
Q

Matrix

A

Fibers + Ground Substance

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4
Q

Ground Substance (characteristics)

A

GAG (glycosaminoglyans)
Hydrated semisolid gel
Fills space + has proteins!
High viscosity (slow foreign particles)

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5
Q

Glycosaminoglycans (GAG)

A

Repeating disaccharides (sugars) that are key component in connective tissue ground substance

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6
Q

Proteoglycans (+types)

A

Proteins sulfated w/ glycosaminoglycans
-Hyaluronic Acid
-Chondroitin-4-sulfate & Chondroitin-6-sulfate
-Dermatan sulfate
-Keratan sulfate
-Heparan sulfate

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7
Q

Hyaluronic Acid

A

Most abundant GAG
Function: lubrication
Location: umbilical cord | synovial fluid | vitreous humor | cartilage

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8
Q

Chondroitin-4-sulfate & 6-sulfate (location)

A

Cartilage | bone | skin

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9
Q

Dermatan sulfate (location)

A

Skin | tendons | sclera | lungs

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10
Q

Keratan sulfate (location)

A

Cartilage | bone | cornea

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11
Q

Heparan sulfate (location)

A

Aorta | liver | lung | basal lamina

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12
Q

Cell Types in Connective Tissue Proper

A

Fixed Cells (FRAPMF)
no change in site
Wandering Cells (FPMEL)
change site, attracted where needed

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13
Q

Mesenchymal Cells

A

Structure: Processes | No fibers | Large, oval nuclei | irregular shape | few organelles
Function: give rise to other cell types

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14
Q

Fibroblasts / Fibrocytes

A

More specialized than mesenchymal
Most common cell in Loose CT
Function: wound repair | blast=create matrix

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15
Q

Reticular Cells

A

Structure: create “network” (spiderweb)
Function: secrete reticular fibers

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16
Q

Adipocyte

A

Function: Lipid-storing cell
Location: All Loose CT | predominant in adipose tissue

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17
Q

Pericytes

A

Structure: Change to smooth muscle or adipocytes (based on need)
Function: Endothelial cell support

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18
Q

Fixed Macrophages

A

Migrate, then stational (Blood–>CT)
Liver –> Kupfer cell
Nervous –> Microglia
Lung –> Alveolar Macrophages

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19
Q

Free Macrophages

A

“Wandering” cells
Structure: large | round | “foamy” cytoplasm | basophilic
Function: phagocytosis | repair (accumulate @ injury, ingest debris)

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20
Q

Plasma Cells

A

Structure: oval | basophilic
Function: secrete antibodies
Location: lymph nodes | GI | respiratory | female repro

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21
Q

Mast Cells

A

Structure: filled w/ granules (histamine | heparin | ECF-A release)
Function: secrete vasoactive compound | inflammatory/allergy response
Location: Loose CT of skin/intestine | around vessels

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22
Q

Eosinophils

A

Type of WBC
Function: immune reaction | phagocytosis of antigen-antibody complex | kill parasites by granule release

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23
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Type of WBC
Function: create antibody-producing cells

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24
Q

Fiber Types

A

Collagen Fibers
Elastic Fibers
Reticular Fibers

25
Q

Collagen Type I Fiber

A

Structure: very strong | most abundant type | acidophilic | formed from protein “collagen” | striation (spaces)
Location: tendons | ligaments | organ capsules

26
Q

Collagen Type I Fiber Synthesis (process)

A
  1. Fibroblasts form procollagen (soluble) into triple helix
  2. Transport out of cell | Cleave nonhelical ends = tropocollagen (insoluble)
  3. Tropocollagens aggregate = collagen fibrils –> fibers
  4. Collagen cross-links = striation
27
Q

Collagen Type II Fiber (location)

A

Cartilage

28
Q

Collagen Type III (location)

A

Arteries | GI | lymph lamina | reticular lamina of BM

29
Q

Collagen Type IV (location)

A

Basal lamina of BM

30
Q

Collagen Type VII (location)

A

Connect basal lamina to reticular lamina of BM

31
Q

Basement Membrane parts

A

BM = basal lamina + reticular lamina

32
Q

Basal lamina (derived from…)

A

Epithelium

33
Q

Reticular lamina (derived from…)

A

Connective Tissue

34
Q

Collagen Defect Disorders

A

Human: Osteogenesis imperfecta | Ehlers-Danlos Type 4,6,7 | Scurvy
Vet: Cutaneous Asthenia | Ehlers-Danlos analog | HERDA (Hereditary Equine Regional Dermal Asthenia)

35
Q

Elastic Fibers

A

S: Retain shape after stretch | thinner than collagen | made of collagen type I fibrils | rubber-like
Components: elastin (protein) | microfibrils | collagen type I fibrils (surrounding)
Location: artery wall | respiratory | vocal cords | stretch ligaments | skin | gut

36
Q

Elastic Fiber Synthesis

A
  1. Fibroblasts secrete elastin + microfibrils
  2. Elastin + microfibrils = Tropoelastin
  3. Collagen fibers form around tropoelastin for binding
37
Q

Reticular Fibers

A

S: very thin | flexible | good w/ silver stain | Argyrophilic | PAS (extra carb content) | Collagen Type III fibrils
Location: lymphatic | spleen | stretching organs

38
Q

Reticular Fibers Synthesis

A

Collagen Type III forms fibrils (thinner than Type I)

39
Q

Mesenchyme

A

Embryonic CT (of CT Proper)
S: Mesenchymal cells | NO visible fibers | mainly ground substance
F: give rise to other CT (adult CT | blood/vessels)

40
Q

Mucous Connective Tissue (gelatinous)

A

S: distinct fibers | loose framework | fibroblasts + collagen | undefined shape
F: prevents kinking
Location: umbilical cord | ruminant stomach

41
Q

Loose (Areolar) Connective Tissue

A

Adult CT (CT Proper)
Most common CT in adults
S: many cells | all fiber types
F: controls spread of infection + supportive function

42
Q

Reticular Connective Tissue

A

Type of Loose CT (CT Proper)
S: reticular fibers | loose CT | not densely filled | network (web)
L: lymphatic | bone marrow

43
Q

White Adipose Tissue

A

Type of Adult CT (of CT Proper)
S: many adipocytes | highly vascular | unilocular
F: lipid metabolism/storage | protection | heat insulation

44
Q

Brown Adipose Tissue

A

Type of Adult CT (of CT Proper)
S: many adipocytes | highly vascular | multilocular | “foamy” cyto | central nucleus | brown (mitochondria)
F: heat production (via lipid oxidation)
L: hibernating animals | axilla | shoulder girdle

45
Q

Dense Regular Collagenous Connective Tissue

A

S: tensile strength | many fibers | parallel fibers | dense | Collagen Type I
L: tendons | ligaments | joint capsule

46
Q

Dense Irregular Collagenous Connective Tissue

A

Type of Adult CT (of CT Proper)
S: tensile strength | many fibers | irregular fibers
L: dermis | sclera | organ capsules (kidney) | joint capsules

47
Q

Elastic Connective Tissue

A

Type of Dense CT (of Adult CT & CT Proper)
S: many fibers | regular fibers | coarse fibers + loose CT between
L: nuchal ligament | ligamenta flava (neck/vert) | grazing animals (for head down w/o work)

48
Q

Cartilage Characteristics

A

Supportive | low friction | weight-supporting
Derived from mesenchyme / mesoderm

49
Q

Cartilage Elements

A

Chondrocytes / Chondroblasts
Matrix (interstitium)

50
Q

Chondrocytes / Chondroblasts

A

Cartilage cells
Chondrocyte = blast enclosed in lacuna
F: secrete matrix | produce collagen fibrils & ground substance

51
Q

Matrix (Interstitium)

A

Fibers in firm ground substance
S: Avascular
F: Importance in diffusion

52
Q

Types of Cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage
Elastic cartilage
Fibrocartilage

53
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

Location: synovial joint | respiratory | epiphyseal plate | embryonic skeleton | repair of fractured bone
Structure: Uniform | basophilic | hyaluronic acid chains | lacuna + chondrocytes

54
Q

Histogenesis of Hyaline Cartilage

A

Mesenchyme –> chondroblast
Chondroblast secrete: ground substance + collagen type II fibrils
Secrete matrix –> lacunae (compartments)

55
Q

Territorial vs Interterritorial Matrix

A

Regions of matrix in Hyaline Cartilage
Territorial: nearest lacuna | pericellular | basophilic (since newer)
Interterritorial: further from lacuna | more collagen fibrils (“older”)

56
Q

Interstitial vs Appositional Growth

A

Interstitial: slow/continuous cartilage growth from within
increase in length
Appositional: faster growth | require perichondrium (fibrous CT around cartilage) | adds outer layers | increase thickness

57
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

=Hyaline cartilage + Elastic fibers
S: More flexible than hyaline | collagen type II fibrils | ground substance
Location: ear pinna | auditory tube

58
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

S: mixed unit | no perichondrium–>scar tissue | collagen type I fibers | fibrocytes in lacunae
Location: ligament/tendon –> bone | cardiac skeleton (dog) | menisci

Microanatomy (21 decks)

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