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Microanatomy > Male Reproductive System (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

The testis exocrine function is to produce _______ and the endocrine function is to produce _______.

A

spermatozoa
testosterone

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2
Q

The testis has a tunica ______ made of what 2 layers?

A

vaginalis
visceral lamina + parietal lamina

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3
Q

In the stroma of the testis, the _____ _____ covers the testis and the epididymis.

A

tunica albuginea

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4
Q

Tissue type of tunica albuginea of testis

A

DICCT (appears white)

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5
Q

Term for the branches of the testicular A & V that penetrate deep into the testis

A

Tunica vasculosa

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6
Q

_____ connects the tunica albuginea with the mediastinum in the testis and divide the testis into _____.

A

septula
lobules

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7
Q

_______ is located within the mediastinum of the testis.

A

rete testis

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8
Q

Term for the branches of the testicular A & V that penetrate deep into the testis or remain superficial

A

Tunica vasculosa

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9
Q

Term for the functional channels essential for getting the sperm out of the testis and adding fluid for nourishment

A

mediastinum

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10
Q

Main structures that make up the parenchyma of the testis

A

convoluted seminiferous tubules

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11
Q

Function of convoluted seminiferous tubules of the testis

A

form germ cells into spermatozoa

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12
Q

Convoluted seminiferous tubules are lined by _____________.

A

spermatogenic epithelium

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13
Q

Where does the formation of the male germ cells occur?

A

spermatogenic epithelium

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14
Q

The straight seminiferous tubules of the testis are only prominent in the ______.

A

stallion

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15
Q

The initial portion of the straight seminiferous tubules are only lined by ________.

A

sertoli cells

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16
Q

Function of sertoli cells

A

act as valve to prevent sperm backing up

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17
Q

After the initial portion of sertoli cells in the straight seminiferous tubules of the testis, then it is lined by ___________.

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

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18
Q

Function of rete testis

A

add fluid to spermatozoa

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19
Q

What cell type is found in the efferent ductules of the testis?

A

spermatogenic cells

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20
Q

Which cells in the testis have long, elliptical nuclei with actin filaments in the convoluted seminiferous tubules?

A

myoid (peritubular) cells

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21
Q

Function of myoid cells

A

actin filaments contract to release sperm from convoluted –> straight tubules

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22
Q

Term for entire process from spermatogonia –> spermatozoa

A

spermatogenesis

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23
Q

3 phases of spermatogenesis

A
  1. spermatocytogenesis
  2. meiosis
  3. spermiogenesis
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24
Q

What is the product of spermatocytogenesis?

A

primary spermatocyte

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25
Q

The primary spermatocyte at the end of spermatocytogenesis is (haploid/diploid).

A

diploid

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26
Q

Which spermatogonia are progenitor cells which can regenerate spermatogonic epithelium and continue to divide?

A

spermatogonia A

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27
Q

Overtime, _______ can differentiate into _______ which will become the end product of spermatogenesis, _______.

A

spermatogonia A
spermatogonia B
primary spermatocytes

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28
Q

What is the product of meiosis in spermatogenesis?

A

round spermatid

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29
Q

The product of meiosis, the round spermatid, is (haploid/diploid) and therefore (can/cannot) fertilize at this stage.

A

haploid
cannot

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30
Q

(T/F) Meiosis II occurs immediately after meiosis I.

A

true

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31
Q

After meiosis II, __ ________ are produced.

A

4 round spermatids

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32
Q

The 4 round spermatids produced from meiosis II are (haploid/diploid) with _ chromosome(s) and __ set(s) of DNA, and therefore, (can/cannot) undergo fertilization.

A

haploid
1
1
cannot

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33
Q

The product of spermiogenesis goes from a round spermatid to _______.

A

spermatozoa (elongated spermatid)

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34
Q

(T/F) The spermatozoa right after spermiogenesis are fully mature.

A

False - structurally the same but not fully mature

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35
Q

What 4 processes does a round spermatid undergo to become a spermatozoa in spermiogenesis?

A
  1. form acrosome
  2. condense chromatin
  3. form flagellum
  4. shed excess cytoplasm
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36
Q

What is an acrosome?

A

glycoproteins that form a “cap of digestive enzymes” over nucleus in spermatozoa

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37
Q

Function of acrosome

A

help sperm penetrate corona radiata + zona pellucida

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38
Q

Why does chromatin condense in formation of spermatozoa?

A

easier to go through female reproductive system

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39
Q

________ phagocytize the excess cytoplasm during spermiogenesis.

A

sertoli cells

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40
Q

What are the main spermatozoan characteristics?

A

head (w/ acrosome + nucleus)
flagellum

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41
Q

The flagellum is surrounded by _______.

A

mitochondria

42
Q

What 4 things can sertoli cells secrete?

A
  1. androgen binding protein
  2. inhibin
  3. estrogen
  4. anti-mullerian hormone (AMH)
43
Q

Sertoli cells only secrete estrogen before ______.

A

puberty

44
Q

Androgen binding protein is stimulated by ____ and allows normal _______ concentration for spermatogenesis.

A

FSH
testosterone

45
Q

What does inhibin do?

A

provides negative feedback for male to decrease FSH

46
Q

Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) is also called _______.

A

mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS)

47
Q

Function of anti-mullerian hormone (AMH)

A

cause regression of most of female reproductive tract

48
Q

Which two cell types in the testis are somatic and therefore always diploid?

A

sertoli cells
myoid cells

49
Q

Steroid hormone-producing cells in the testis with lots of tubular mitochondria, SER, and lipid droplets

A

interstitial endocrine cells

50
Q

Another term for interstitial endocrine cells

A

leydig cells

51
Q

Interstitial endocrine cells are numerous in the ______ and _____.

A

boar
stallion

52
Q

Interstitial endocrine cells of the testis are stimulated by ____ and then produce _________.

A

LH
testosterone

53
Q

How does the equine testis differ?

A

mediastinum only at head extremity

54
Q

Which testicular tumor type is most likely to become malignant?

A

seminoma

55
Q

What are 3 types of testicular tumors?

A
  1. seminoma
  2. sertoli cell tumor
  3. interstitial cell tumor
56
Q

Sertoli cell tumors produce high amounts of ________ which can lead to what condition?

A

estrogen
gynecomastia

57
Q

What is gynecomastia?

A

enlargement of mammary glands

58
Q

What specific condition are sertoli cell tumors seen with?

A

cryptorchid testes

59
Q

Function of epididymis

A

storage + maturation of spermatozoa

60
Q

The efferent ductules of the epididymis are lined by __________ + ______.

A

simple columnar + cilia (motile)

61
Q

Ductus epididymis is lined by _________ + ______.

A

pseudostratified columnar + stereocilia (non-motile)

62
Q

What are the 3 main parts of the ductus epididymis?

A
  1. caput (head)
  2. corpus (body)
  3. cauda (tail)
63
Q

Which part of the ductus epididymis are spermatozoa first capable of fertilization?

A

cauda (tail)

64
Q

The function of ductus deferens is to transport _______ to _______ via what process?

A

sperm –> pelvic urethra
peristalsis

65
Q

What are 3 parts of the epididymis?

A

efferent ductules
ductus epididymis
ductus deferens

66
Q

What lines the ductus deferens?

A

pseudostratified columnar

67
Q

The T. muscularis of the ductus deferens is (thin/thick) and what is its orientation?

A

thick
undefined (all directions)

68
Q

What structure can differentiate the ductus deferens from the uterine tube on microscopic ID?

A

presence of sperm

69
Q

The function of the accessory genital glands is to produce ________.

A

fluid of ejaculate

70
Q

What does the fluid of ejaculate (produced by accessory genital glands) do?

A

nourish, protect, buffer spermatozoa

71
Q

List of the 4 possible accessory genital glands

A
  1. seminal vesicles
  2. ampulla of ductus deferens
  3. prostate
  4. bulburethral gland
72
Q

List of the 4 possible accessory genital glands

A
  1. seminal vesicles
  2. ampulla of ductus deferens
  3. prostate
  4. bulbourethral gland
73
Q

Which species do NOT have seminal vesicles?

A

dog + cat

74
Q

Which species do NOT have a bulbourethral gland?

A

dog

75
Q

Which species do NOT have an ampulla of the ductus deferens?

A

boar + cat

76
Q

All domestic mammals have a prostate, but some do not have a prostate ______.

A

body (have disseminate part)

77
Q

What is the glandular epithelium of the seminal vesicles?

A

pseudostratified columnar

78
Q

Seminal vesicles have large, irregular _____.

A

alveoli

79
Q

What kind of cells are present in the seminal vesicles of the boar and ruminant?

A

basal cells

80
Q

What 2 characteristics of seminal vesicles are seen in ruminants?

A

clearness + lipid droplets

81
Q

Function of seminal vesicles and ampulla of ductus deferens

A

produce fructose (energy source for sperm)

82
Q

The ampulla of the ductus deferens, like the seminal vesicles, has large and irregular alveoli but also have a ______.

A

capsule

83
Q

What is the glandular epithelium of the prostate?

A

simple cuboidal

84
Q

The male urethra is always in combination with one of what 3 structures?

A
  1. prostate gland
  2. bulbourethral gland
  3. ductus deferens
85
Q

Another name for bulbourethral gland

A

cowper’s gland

86
Q

The bulbourethral gland secretes ______ for what function?

A

mucous
lubricate urethra for ejaculation

87
Q

The bulbourethral gland of the boar also makes ________ while in the cat it makes _______.

A

sialic acid
glycogen

88
Q

To ID the bulbourethral gland, you must see _______.

A

skeletal muscle

89
Q

What are the 3 external genitalia in the male?

A

penis
male urethra
scrotum

90
Q

What are the 3 parts of the penis?

A
  1. root
  2. body
  3. glans
91
Q

Which part of the penis has many elastic fibers?

A

body

92
Q

2 parts of the body of the penis

A

corpus cavernosum penis
corpus spongiosum penis

93
Q

2 parts of glans penis

A

bulbus glandis
pars longa glandis

94
Q

Which species have an os penis?

A

carnivores (dog, cat, otter, raccoon)

95
Q

In the tomcat, the penis is directed _________ when not erect.

A

caudoventrally

96
Q

What is present on the glans penis of the tomcat to induce ovulation?

A

cornified spines

97
Q

The urethra is (dorsal/ventral/medial/lateral) to the os penis in the tomcat.

A

dorsal

98
Q

Two parts of the male urethra

A

pelvic part
spongy part

99
Q

The epithelium of the male urethra goes from _______ to ______.

A

transitional –> stratified squamous

100
Q

(T/F) The scrotal skin is made of typical skin.

A

True

101
Q

Term for subcutaneous layer of the scrotum with smooth muscle

A

tunica dartos

Microanatomy (21 decks)

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