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HOSA: Human G&D > Adulthood > Flashcards

Adulthood Flashcards

1
Q

when ages are considered early adulthood

A

19-40s

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2
Q

men experience growth in vertebrae until they are this old

A

30

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3
Q

what age do people have peak bone mass

A

35 yrs

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4
Q

what happens to bone mass of women after 35 yrs

A

gradually decrease

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5
Q

at what age is calcium levels at its peak

A

20s

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6
Q

after 35, the capacity & maximum work rate w/o fatigue ____

A

decreases

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7
Q

aka: gingivitis

A

gum disease

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8
Q

list healthy vitals of an adult

A

60-90 bpm
18-24 respirations
120/80 mmHg

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9
Q

what changes in the GI after 30 yrs

A

GI secretions & juices decrease

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10
Q

list some things that are in its peak in your 20s

A

body shape, hair growth, muscle development

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11
Q

at what age is maximum cardiac output

A

20s-30s

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12
Q

at what ages do men & women have peak respiratory function respectively

A

25 yrs; 20 yrs

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13
Q

define BASAL METABOLIC RATE

A

amnt of energy used at rest

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14
Q

an increase in weight in adulthood could be because of _____

A

decrease in basal metabolic rate

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15
Q

at what age is hearing best?

A

20 yrs

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16
Q

at what age does visual acuity decrease

A

after 25 years

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17
Q

define PRESBYOPIA

A

decrease eye elasticity & increase in opacity of lens

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18
Q

list changes is the senses/nervous system in adult hood

A
  • # of neurons & brain size decrease
  • perception & sensation change (but speed & accuracy not affected)
  • reaction time increases 20-30yrs
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19
Q

define SEXUALITY

A

broad term including anatomy, gender roles, relationships, thoughts, feelings, & attitude regarding sex

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20
Q

list factors for SEXUALITY

A
  • biological development
  • education
  • personality
  • sociocultural influences
  • religious & ethical values
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21
Q

Who created the cycle of sexual response

A

Masters & Johnson

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22
Q

what are the 4 stages of the CYCLE OF SEXUAL RESPONSE

A
  1. excitement
  2. Plateau
  3. orgasm
  4. resolution
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23
Q

describe the EXCITEMENT STAGE of the cycle of sexual response

A

feelings & sensations cause muscle tension & vasocongestion in reproductive organs

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24
Q

describe the PLATEAU STAGE of the cycle of sexual response

A

excitement plateaus; high excitement before orgasm

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25
Q

describe the ORGASM STAGE of the cycle of sexual response

A

rhythmic contractions of vagina, male ejaculation, engorgement of genitalia, & increase BP/bpm/respiration, & muscle tension

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26
Q

define EGO IDENTITY

A

sense of who one is

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27
Q

define INTROSPECTION

A

self reflection

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28
Q

describe the RESOLUTION STAGE of the cycle of sexual response

A

return to unaroused state & men enter refractory period

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29
Q

define SOCIAL CLOCK

A

cultural expectations when milestones should be

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30
Q

define INTIMACY

A

being able to dedicate oneself to an emotional relationship; not necessarily romantic

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31
Q

define RECIPROCITY

A

mutual helping & supporting

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32
Q

define COMPATIBILITY

A

tone of relationship, comfort, ease of relationship, friendship

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33
Q

define RESPECTABILITY

A

role modeling & valuing of other

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34
Q

define PROXIMITY

A

frequency of interaction & duration of relationship; not really about geographic proximity

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35
Q

what are the 3 attachment styles to relationships

A

secure, avoidant, anxious

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36
Q

describe a SECURE ATTACHMENT in a relationship

A

perceive relationships positively & established smoothly & naturally

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37
Q

describe an AVOIDANT ATTACHMENT in a relationship

A

avoid commitment leading to multiple, short-lived relationships

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38
Q

describe an ANXIOUS ATTACHMENT in a relationship

A

anxious, possessive, demanding, & lack of trust in partners

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39
Q

list characteristics of maturity

A
  • have broad perspectives that are not overly influenced
  • interest in community needs
  • take responsibility for actions
  • deal w/problems/setbacks w/o losing sight of goal
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40
Q

define FEMINIST MORALITY (?)

A

true understanding of oneself & others leading to mutual satisfaction

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41
Q

how many calories should men in early adulthood eat per day

A

2700-3000 calories

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42
Q

how many calories should women in early adulthood eat per day

A

1600-2100 calories

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43
Q

how much of an early adult’s diet consist of protein

A

15%

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44
Q

what are the 3 types of fats

A

trans, saturated, & unsaturated

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45
Q

which fat has a direct link to coronary heart disease

A

trans fat

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46
Q

which fats are solid at room temperature

A

saturated fat

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47
Q

give examples of saturated fats

A

meat, eggs, organ meats, dairy products, butter

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48
Q

what type of fat are liquid at room temperature

A

unsaturated fats

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49
Q

what combination of fats decreases the risk for colon & rectal cancer

A

decrease saturated fat & increase monounsaturated fat

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50
Q

what are the 2 subcategories of unsaturated fat

A

monounsaturated & polyunsaturated

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51
Q

give examples of polyunsaturated fats

A

corn, cottonseed, safflower, sunflower, sesame, & soybean oils

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52
Q

give examples of monounsaturated fat

A

canola/olive/peanut oil, avocados, olives, almonds, cashews, hazelnuts

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53
Q

what percent of early adult’s diet should consist of carbohydrates

A

50-60%

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54
Q

what vitamins & minerals do young adults generally lack

A

calcium, iron, potassium, zinc, vitamin D & B

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55
Q

what two vitamins/minerals prevent osteoprosis

A

calcium & vitamin D

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56
Q

what two vitamins are antioxidants

A

vitamin C & E

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57
Q

what vitamin is not stored in the body so they need to be ingested daily?

A

vitamin C

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58
Q

which race is more likely to have hypertension

A

african americans

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59
Q

how many hours of sleep should young adults get per night

A

7-9 hrs

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60
Q

define INSOMNIA

A

inability to sleep; includes long time to fall asleep, wake frequently/too early, tired & unrested when awokem

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61
Q

benefits of aerobic exercise

A
  • increase cardiac output & metabolic rate
  • develop muscle fitness, endurance, power, & flexibility
  • best for burning calories
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62
Q

benefits of resistance exercise

A
  • burn fewer calories
  • build muscle mass
  • maintain metabolic rat
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63
Q

what is the recommended amount of physical activity for young adults

A

150 min of moderate exercise/75 min of vigorous activity per week

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64
Q

to improve cardiovascular health in adults, how much exercise should they do per week

A

3-5 times per week for at least 30 min

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65
Q

purpose of MANTAOUX SKIN TEST

A

screen for TB

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66
Q

the papanicolaou test is also called what

A

pap smear

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67
Q

how many classes are there for the pap smear

A

5

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68
Q

define CLASS 1 of a papsmear

A

absence of abnormal cells

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69
Q

define CLASS 2 of a papsmear

A

atypical but nonmalignant cells

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70
Q

define CLASS 3 of a papsmear

A

abnormal cell presence

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71
Q

define CLASS 4 of a papsmear

A

cells possibly but not definitely malignant

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72
Q

define CLASS 5 of a papsmear

A

conclusive for cancer

73
Q

what vaccines should young adults get

A

tetanus booster every 10 yrs & annual flu

74
Q

at what age should women get mammograms and how often

A

50-74 yrs every 2 yrs

75
Q

how often should breast examinations be done

A

once a month 1 week after period

76
Q

if someone has history of breast cancer or positive for BRCA1/BRCA2, when should they begin mammograms

A

begin in 20s

77
Q

define occult blood

A

hidden blood (gen in stool)

78
Q

fiber can prevent what 2 cancers

A

colon & rectum

79
Q

give examples of carcinogens

A
  • viruses
  • fat
  • excessive alcohol
  • insecticides/pesticides
  • UV rays
80
Q

fat can lead to what 2 types of cancer

A

colon & breast

81
Q

how much excess weight is needed to be considered obese?

A

20-30%

82
Q

obesity causes an increased risk for ….

A
  • gallbladder disease
  • cirrhosis of liver
  • kidney disease
  • cancer
  • osteoarthritis & back problems
  • hypertension & high cholesterol
  • heart disease & strokes
  • diabetes mellitus type 2
83
Q

define WEIGHT CYCLING

A

large fluctuations in weight leading to gradual increase in weight

84
Q

list different types of birth control

A
  • natural/calendar/rhythm method
  • hormonal
  • mechanical
  • chemical
  • intrauterine devices
85
Q

describe the components of the NATURAL/CALENDAR/RHYTHM METHOD of birth control

A
  • monitor body temp
  • check cervical mucus
  • pull out method & abstinence
  • not very reliable
86
Q

give examples of HORMONAL BIRTH CONTROL

A

oral contraceptive, implant, morning-after pill

87
Q

characteristics of hormone birth control

A

almost 100% if used correctly + side effects

88
Q

give examples of mechanical birth control

A

condom, diaphragm, cervical cap, & sponge

89
Q

give characteristics of mechanical birth control

A

increase risk toxic shock syndrome & may prevent STD transmission

90
Q

give examples of CHEMICAL BIRTH CONTROL

A

spermicide cream/jelly/foam & vaginal suppositories

91
Q

cons of chemical birth control

A

messy & can cause local irritation

92
Q

give example of intrauterine devices for birth control

A

copper/progesterone contraceptive

93
Q

characteristics of intrauterine devices

A
  • don’t affect hormone cycle or sex
  • can cause hemorrhage, infection, perforation, or spotting
94
Q

s/s: alcohol poisoning

A
  • hypotension
  • loss of consciousness
  • low body temp
  • loss of control of nervous system
  • trouble breathing
  • death
95
Q

list physical effects of alcoholism

A
  • kidney & liver damage
  • cancer
  • heart & nerve problems
  • death
96
Q

list social effects of alcoholism

A
  • increase work absence & tardiness
  • workplace accidents
  • illnesses
  • lower productivity
  • strained relationships
97
Q

list factors for insomnia

A
  • stress, anxiety, depression
  • caffeine, nicotine, & alcohol
  • medication
  • medical conditions
  • change in work schedule
  • irregular sleep schedules/uncomfortable sleep environment
98
Q

list components/characteristics of young adult cognitive development

A
  • peak fluid intelligence
  • crystalized intelligence
  • good memory & innovative
  • better episodic memories than semantic
  • prefrontal cortex fully develop @ 26
99
Q

define EPISODIC MEMORIES

A

personal experiences/events

100
Q

define CRYSTALLIZED INTELLIGENCE

A

judgment, knowledge, & skills needed in life & work

101
Q

define FLUID INTELLIGENCE

A

ability to reason abstractly, solve math problems, & learn quickly

102
Q

define infatuation

A

obsession w/someone bc of their appearance or ability

103
Q

give the different feelings/characterisitics associated w/infatuation & love

A

love: mutual, respectful, enriching
infatuation: attracted, impressed, powerful & overwhelming

104
Q

what are the 3 types of love

A

affectionate, romantic, & consummate

105
Q

define AFFECTIONATE LOVE

A

romantic way for expressing love & not necessarily sexual; love that is not sexual

106
Q

define ROMANTIC LOVE

A

friendly & affectionate love that can turn into consummate love; secure, care, & appreciation

107
Q

define CONSUMMATE LOVE

A

affectionate love & desire to commit to relationship through good times & bad; gen leads to marriage

108
Q

list topics to discuss to determine marriage readiness

A
  • finances
  • career paths
  • living situations
  • decision to parent
  • family expansion
109
Q

what ages are middle adulthood

A

40s-early 60s

110
Q

define UNIVERSAL DESIGN

A

housing design that meets physical needs of all ages & abilities

111
Q

list characteristics/highlights of middle adulthood brain development

A
  • better @ processing & problem solving
  • better @ semantic memories than episodic
  • cognitive skills begin to decline
112
Q

define SEMANTIC memories

A

knowledge; “how tos”

113
Q

how should nutrition for middle adults differ from young adults

A

reduce 100 cal/day & add more activity

114
Q

list highlights of middle adulthood cognitive development

A
  • fluid intelligence decreases
  • crystallized intelligence increases
  • ability to reason (deductive & inductive) peaks
115
Q

define INDUCTIVE REASONING

A

make conclusions from detailed facts to general theory

116
Q

define DEDUCTIVE REASONING

A

general observation/theory to detailed conclusion

117
Q

how much height do middle adults lose?

A

1-4”

118
Q

about how much weight do middle adults gain if they do not do any activity

A

10-20 lbs

119
Q

define SARCOPENIA

A

loss of muscle mass & strength

120
Q

list changes in muscle & bone development of middle adults

A
  • lose elasticity in connective tissue
  • sarcopenia
  • DJD & osteoporosis
  • fat increases
121
Q

in middle adult hood, where does fat redistribute to in both men & women

A

stomach

122
Q

in middle adulthood, where does fat redistribute to in women

A

hips, thighs, (+stomach)

123
Q

osteoporosis is being more commonly seen in what 2 races

A

white & asian

124
Q

list ways to prevent osteoporosis

A
  • diet
  • exercise
  • hormone replacement
  • vitamin D & calcium supplements
125
Q

osteoporosis is more prevalent in women older than 50 bc of ____

A

decrease estrogen & progesterone

126
Q

define PRESBYCUSIS

A

loss of hearing w/age related to thickening in capillary walls of ear gen causing damage to inner ear

127
Q

define CLIMACTERIC

A

decrease in reproductive capacity in men & women

128
Q

describe MENOPAUSE

A

cessation of menses for over 1 yr from decreased estrogen & progesterone gen beginning 45-55 yrs

129
Q

what is the average age menopause starts

A

51 yrs

130
Q

define PERIMENOPAUSE

A

1st stage of menopause consisting of several years of reduced fertility

131
Q

s/s: perimenopause

A
  • hot flashes
  • forgetfulness
  • mood changes
  • sleeplessness
132
Q

s/s: menopause

A
  • cycle irregular/shorter/longer between periods
  • amnt of blood in period decreases or increases
  • menses suddenly stops
  • loss of muscle strength
  • palpitations, nervousness, headache
  • decrease skin elasticity
  • decrease vaginal lubrication (+dyspareunia)
  • sleep disturbances/fatigue
  • increase in facial hair
  • hot flashes & chills
133
Q

pros & cons of hormone therapy for menopause

A
  • effectively treat s/s
  • not recommended for ppl w/history of breast disease/cancer
  • last resort treatment
  • may decerase risk of death from plaque in arteries
134
Q

define DYSPAREUNIA

A

itching or pain during sex

135
Q

define MALE CLIMACTERIC

A

may/may not decrease testosterone w/fewer sperm w/changes in thinking patterns & self-image

136
Q

how do some men respond to the male climacteric

A

try to look & act younger/take on young partners to show they still are appealing

137
Q

men may need testosterone replacement if they experience ___ & ____ during male climacteric

A

lethargy & low sex drive

138
Q

the male climacteric can also be referred to as

A

midlife crisis

139
Q

empty-nest syndrome may also be called

A

launching children

140
Q

why is empty-nest syndrome less relevant today

A

women work more now than before

141
Q

what are the 5 types of grandparents

A

formal, informal/spoiler, surrogate, wisdom provider, & distant figure

142
Q

define the DISTANT FIGURE GRANDPARENT

A

limited contact

143
Q

define the WISDOM PROVIDER GRANDPARENT

A

ideology/title bestowed by family beliefs & customs

144
Q

define the SURROGATE GRANDPARENT

A

make many parental decisions & does most of the child raising

145
Q

define the INFORMAL/SPOILER GRANDPARENT

A

close, indulgent relationship w/grandchild

146
Q

define the FORMAL GRANDPARENT

A

parent disciplines child while grandparent maintains close interest in grandchild

147
Q

how much sleep should middle adults get per night

A

at least 7-9 hours

148
Q

list characteristics of middle adult sleep

A
  • sleep lighter for less time
  • more prone to sleep deprivation
  • may have insomnia, sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, & narcolepsy
149
Q

list effects of sleep deprivation

A
  • poor judgment
  • mood disorders
  • lack of memory retention
  • slower reaction time
  • diabetes & obesity
  • cardiovascular disorders
  • depression & irritability
  • inability to concentrate & solve problems
  • poor productivity
150
Q

define SLEEP APNEA

A

repeated partial/complete blockage of upper airways during sleep

151
Q

list causes of sleep apnea

A
  • obesity
  • enlarged tonsils
  • endocrine/neuromuscular disorders
  • heart/kidney disease
152
Q

define RESTLESS LEG SYNDROME

A

fragmented sleep from muscle aches/pain/leg cramps/spontaneous leg movement bc of changes in dopamine

153
Q

define NARCOLEPSY

A

excessive daytime sleepiness

154
Q

how often should middle adults visit the optometrist

A

at least every 2 years

155
Q

define GALAUCOMA

A

buildup of fluid in chambers of eye leading to damage to optic nerve & can go unnoticed until irreparable damages

156
Q

what cholesterol is “good”

A

HDL

157
Q

how is glaucoma detected

A

during routing eye exam

158
Q

define CATARACTS

A

cloudy formation on lens common after 60 yrs; forms gradually & doesn’t allow light passage thru lens; can be caused by other conditions

159
Q

when should men & women get colonoscopies & how often

A

after 50 yrs old & every 10 yrs

160
Q

describe FIBROCYSTIC BREAST DISEASE

A

benign large & uncomfortable cysts in breast in 30yrs-menopause women; no correlation to breast cancer; potentially caused by estrogen engorging & swelling cells along mammary ducts

161
Q

how often should women get pap smears & HPV tests (combo)

A

every 5 yrs

162
Q

if only getting a pap smear, how often should women get it

A

every 3 yrs

163
Q

describe BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY (BPH)

A

enlarged prostate common in men older than 50 yrs; detected in annual rectal exam after 50/suspicious blood test

164
Q

s/s: benign prostatic hypertrophy

A
  • difficulty voiding
  • diminished urine stream
  • dribbling
  • frequent need to pee
165
Q

what are factors for increased risk of prostate cancer

A

african americans & men w/1st degree relative diagnosed before 65 yrs

166
Q

define MATURITY

A

ability to adapt to life changes

167
Q

define SANDWICH GENERATION

A

adult caregivers for elder parents & grown kids

168
Q

what are the 4 types of generativity

A

biological, parental, work, & cultural

169
Q

define BIOLOGICAL GENERATIVITY

A

raise kids

170
Q

define PARENTAL GENERATIVITY

A

relationship within extended family

171
Q

define WORK GENERATIVIty

A

mentoring/teaching/training youth @ work

172
Q

define CULTURAL GENERATIVITY

A

communicate values & traditions to youth

173
Q

characterisitics of middle adult social development

A
  • divorce common
  • reestablish relationship w/SO
  • see themselves as younger than their age
  • see more differences between themselves & youth
174
Q

define GENERATION COHORTS

A

people born in similar time

175
Q

describe BABY BOOMERS

A

1946-1964; life expectancy of 83 yrs; lead government, education, & corporate US

176
Q

list topics relevant to baby boomers

A
  • parenting, nutrition,, education
  • health care
  • independent living
  • workforce participation
  • retirement
  • marriage & familial trends in aging
177
Q

describe Gen X

A

1965-1979; saw huge social changes; changed business environments; the “digital generation”

178
Q

what years are the millenials

A

1980-1995

179
Q

millenials are also called

A

echo boomers

HOSA: Human G&D (15 decks)

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