Yr10 chemistry atoms, ions bonds n stuff

Question 1

Ions are _____ particles

Answer 1

charged

Question 2

In an ionic compound, the metal is the ______ ion

Answer 2

positive

Question 3

In an ionic compound, the non-metal is the ______ ion

Answer 3

negative

Question 4

Are ionic compounds soluble in water?

Answer 4

yes

Question 5

Are ionic compounds conductive in water?

Answer 5

yes

Question 6

Are ionic compounds conductive as a solid?

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

Why are ionic compounds (not?) soluble in water?

Answer 7

Water has a slight charge which is attracted to the ions

Question 8

Why are ionic compounds (not?) conductive as a solid?

Answer 8

Ions can’t move, and to conduct electricity, the substance needs to be charged (which ions are) and be able to move (which solids can’t)

Question 9

Why are ionic compounds (not?) conductive as water?

Answer 9

To conduct electricty substances need to be charged and able to move. Ions in water are charged, and because they have dissolved they can move.

Question 10

What are the properties of ionic compounds? (and why?)

Answer 10

Hard, but brittle. this is because of the strong forces of attraction. They are brittle because they are made of layers which can snap apart.

Question 11

do ionic compounds have high/low melting/boiling points? why?

Answer 11

High melting points
This is because ionic solids contain strong forces of electrostatic attraction and a lot of energy is needed to break these bonds

Question 12

How are ionic solids arranged?

Answer 12

In a lattice

Question 13

Why does magnesium oxide have a higher melting point that sodium chloride?

Answer 13

Because the bonds are stronger. Oxygen ions are -2 ions, magnesium ions are +2 compared to sodium and chloride’s +1 / -1

Question 14

What do most ionic compounds look like?

Answer 14

White powder (exception copper sulfate)

Question 15

Why does ionic bonding happen?

Answer 15

All atoms “want” a full outer shell of electrons like a noble gas. Metals need to lose electrons while non-metals need to gain them. Metals will “give” non-metals their electrons, so in the end all the atoms- now ions- are balanced. They are ions because they now have an uneven number of protons and electrons

Question 16

What is another word for a negative ion?

Answer 16

anion

Question 17

What is another word for a positive ion?

Answer 17

cation

Question 18

Describe the arrangement of ions in an ionic lattice

Answer 18

It is an assembly of positive and negative ions held together by forces of electrostatic attraction, arranged in a regular array. Ionic bonds are non-directional, with every ion attracted to all its neighbours.

Question 19

What does isoelectronic mean?

Answer 19

ions with the same electronic configuration

Question 20

What is the word for atoms with the same electronic configuration?

Answer 20

isoelectronic

Question 21

What is group one called?

Answer 21

The alkali metals

Question 22

Group seven are the…

Answer 22

halogens

Question 23

Which word should you never use when describing bonds?

Answer 23

weak

Question 24

Which word should you never use when describing forces?

Answer 24

strong

Question 25

Why is an alloy not a compound?

Answer 25

The different elements in the alloy are not chemically bonded, but are "set" into the metal

Question 26

What is one layer of graphite called?

Answer 26

Graphine

Question 27

What is diamond's melting point like and why?

Answer 27

Very high. this is because each carbon atom has four strong covalent bonds, each of which need a lot of energy to overcome

Question 28

What is diamond's conductivity like and why?

Answer 28

It cannot conduct electricity as nothing in diamond's structure can move.

Question 29

Give a description of diamond's structure

Answer 29

Each carbon has four strong bonds. It is a regular repeating structure

Question 30

What is diamond's hardness like and why?

Answer 30

Very hard- the hardest substance on earth. This is because of its structure (CHECK)

Question 31

What are diamond's industrial uses like and why?

Answer 31

Drill heads (very hard) and jewelry (you can cut along a line of atoms in diamond, and can make very sharp, precise cuts (CHECK))

Question 32

What is graphite's melting point like and why?

Answer 32

Very high, not as high as diamond, but each carbon still have three strong covalent bonds that need lots of energy to overcome.

Question 33

What is graphite's conductivity like and why?

Answer 33

Very conductive, because delocalised electrons can move.

Question 34

What is graphite's hardness like and why?

Answer 34

Very soft. Layers slide and break of easily because of weak intermolecular forces between layers

Question 35

What are graphite's industrial uses and why?

Answer 35

Pencil led- due to softness and layers breaking easily Lubricant- better than liquid, graphite lubricant won't melt or run out the machine

Question 36

What is another example of a giant covalent structure like diamond?

Answer 36

silicon, silicon dioxide

Question 37

What is the formula for sulphuric acid?

Answer 37

H2SO4

Question 38

What is the formula for sulphate?

Answer 38

SO₄²⁻

Question 39

What is the formula for carbonate?

Answer 39

CO₃²⁻

Question 40

What is the formula for hydrogencarbonate?

Answer 40

HCO₃⁻

Question 41

What is the charge of sulfide?

Answer 41

-2

Question 42

Remember to use the correct formulas for things like magnesium! (mg not m)

Answer 42

qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnm

Question 43

What is a nanometre?

Answer 43

a millionth of a millimetre OR 1 x 10^-9 metres

Question 44

what does nanoscience refer to?

Answer 44

it refers to structures that are 1 - 100 nm in size

Question 45

why do nanoparticles have different properties to their larger versions?

Answer 45

they have a larger SA : V ratio

Question 46

Give some examples of uses for nanotechnology

Answer 46

medicine, electronics, energy production

Question 47

Give some disadvantages of nanotechnology

Answer 47

concerns about toxicity, environmental concerns with microplastics in the food chain,

Question 48

What are polymers

Answer 48

Polymers are plastics- long chainlike molecules linked together by strong covalent bonds. All polymers are solids at room temperature

Question 49

What are polymers made of, and how do they effect the plastic produced?

Answer 49

Monomers undergo polymerisation to make a polymer. If you modify the monomer, you modify the polymer.

Question 50

What are the three allotropes of carbon?

Answer 50

diamond, graphite and fullerenes

Question 51

Give two examples of fullerenes

Answer 51

Buckminster fullerene and carbon nanotubes

Question 52

What are the properties of carbon nanotubes?

Answer 52

They are graphene rolled into a cylinder. they are good conductors of heat and electricity very strong used as catalysts large SA

Question 53

What are the properties of buckminster fullerenes/ buckyballs?

Answer 53

Made up of 60 carbon atoms, each of which forms a double bond and two singles Simple molecular Much lower melting points than diamond or graphite

Question 54

What are fullerenes?

Answer 54

Hollow 3D shapes made of carbon

Question 55

What are some applications of buckminster fullerene?

Answer 55

Delivering harmful drugs in a "cage" straight to cancer cells Sieves for large particles like viruses Lubricant- non stick coating for machinery, like ball bearings Chemical sponges for toxic substances