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Science Revision > YR10 Biology, Health > Flashcards

YR10 Biology, Health Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four different types of pathogen?

A

Fungi, bacteria, protist, virus

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2
Q

What is the difference between a communicable and non communicable disease?

A

Communicable can be caught, and vice versa

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3
Q

Good health is…

A

complete mental and physical well-being

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4
Q

Cardiovascular disease can be caused by…

A

Poor diet, smoking, lack of execise

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5
Q

Type 2 diabetes can be caused by…

A

obesity

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6
Q

liver and brain damage can be caused by…

A

alcohol

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7
Q

low birth weight and premature birth can be caused by…

A

smoking

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8
Q

abnormal foetal brain development can be caused by…

A

alcohol

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9
Q

cancer can be caused by

A

carcinogens and radiation

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10
Q

lung disease and cancer can be caused by…

A

smoking

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11
Q

what is a tumour?

A

a lump of cancerous cells

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12
Q

How does cancer arise?

A

When cells divide uncontrollably

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13
Q

What type of pathogen causes Salmonella?

A

Bacteria

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14
Q

What type of pathogen causes Gonorrhoea?

A

Bacteria

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15
Q

What type of pathogen causes measles?

A

virus

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16
Q

What type of pathogen causes malaria?

A

protists?

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17
Q

What are the symptoms of measles?

A

Fever
skin rash
fatal with complications

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18
Q

What are the symptoms of HIV?

A

Causes a flu-like illness initially, but late stage HIV - AIDS- occurs when the body’s immune system is so damaged it can no longer deal with other infections or cancers

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19
Q

What are the symptoms of salmonella?

A

fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhoea.

20
Q

What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea?

A

thick yellowgreen discharge, pain when urinating

21
Q

What are the symptoms of malaria?

A

recurrent episodes of fever
can be fatal

22
Q

How is measles spread?

A

through the inhalation of droplets form sneezes and coughs

23
Q

How is salmonella spread?

A

bacteria ingested in food, or food prepared in unhygeinic conditions

24
Q

How is gonorrhoea spread?

A

sexual contact

25
Q

How is malaria spread?

A

through a vector- mosquitos

26
Q

How is HIV spread?

A

sexual contact or exchange of bodily fluids, such as when drug users share needles

27
Q

How can measles be controlled?

A

Most children are vaccinated against it

28
Q

How can salmonella be controlled?

A

Vaccinating poultry and cleaning kitchens

29
Q

How can HIV/gonorrhoea be controlled?

A

contraception

30
Q

How can malaria be controlled?

A

stopping the life cycle of the protist, by killing the larvae, eggs or mosquitos, putting up mosqutio nets. Oil is put on stagnant pools of water so the larvae can’t respire, or the pools are drained.

31
Q

What is the site of reproduction of bacteria?

A

rapidly in your body but not inside your cells

32
Q

What is the site of reproduction of viruses?

A

they hijack your cells to produce more viruses. the cell bursts and this releases new viruses

33
Q

What is the site of reproduction of fungi?

A

damp conditions, like feet

34
Q

What is the life cycle of malaria?

A

mosqutio consumes infected blood while feeding-> sexual reproduction of malaria parasite->Female anopeheles mosquito bites human->malaria parasite infects liver and reproduces asexually->malaria parasites in human blood

35
Q

What are the three types of defense that plants have?

A

Chemical physical and mechanical

36
Q

List some chemical defences that plants have (2)

A

Antibacterial chemical are increased when the plant is attacked, and poisons that make the plant taste bad to herbivores, or kill them

37
Q

List some physical defences that plants have

A

A waxy cuticle to stop pathogens entering the epidermis, thick cellulose wall to stop pathogens entering the wall, layers of dead cells around stems that prevent pests from getting to the phloem

38
Q

List some mechanical defences that plants have

A

Thorns and hairs prevent grazing/egg laying
Leaves drooping/ curling when tuched
mimicry- features to prevent egg laying/grazing
eg anthers look like aphids.

39
Q

What are the symptons of the tobacco mosaic virus?

A

Symptoms include mottling, discoloured leaves, curled leaves, yellow streaks/spots,

40
Q

What do aphids do that are bad to plants? (make better wording)

A

Aphids damage leaves and act as vectos carrying pathogens. They pierce phloem tubes and feed on the sap. Symptons include stunted growth, mottled/yellow leaves, low yields

41
Q

What are the symptons of the rose black spot, and what type of pathogen causes it?

A

fungus
purple/black spots

yellow and falling off early and black, scablike spots on the leaves.

42
Q

What are the symptons of a nitrate deficiency?

A

stunted growth (no minerals for protein)

43
Q

What are the symptons of a magnesium deficiency?

A

Chlorosis (yellow leaves, lack of chlorophyll), stunted growth

44
Q

How can aphid-carried diseases be treated and controlled?

A

insectisides, removing aphids by han, using natural predators

45
Q

How can rose black spot be treated and controlled?

A

collecting and burning fallen leaves/burying under layers of mulch, prune out all stem lesions in spring before leaves appear, fungicides

46
Q

How can tobacco mosaic virus be treated and controlled?

A

disinfecting tools, removing infected plants and weeds (including burning them)

47
Q

How can magnesium deficiences be treated?

A

adding nutrients to the soil

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