Digestion

Question 1

What are the seven nutrients?

Answer 1

Fat, minerals, water, fibre, protein, carbohydrates and vitamins

Question 2

Where can you find carbohydrates? (List 7)

Answer 2

bread, pasta, rice,corn, potatoes, milk, popcorn

Question 3

Where can you find fats?

Answer 3

meat,butter, ghee, lard, cheese, cream, chocolate, biscuits, cakes, pastries, palm oil, coconut oil/cream.

Question 4

Where can you find proteins?

Answer 4

meat, eggs, milk, nuts, fish

Question 5

Where can you find fibre?

Answer 5

fruit, veg, bread,cereals,grains,

Question 6

Where can you find vitamins?

Answer 6

veg, fruit

Question 7

What is another word for fats?

Answer 7

Lipids

Question 8

What is carbohydrate’s main function in the body?

Answer 8

for energy

Question 9

What is protein’s main function in the body?

Answer 9

growth and repair

Question 10

What is mineral’s main function in the body?

Answer 10

in small amounts to make chemicals

Question 11

What is vitamin’s main function in the body?

Answer 11

in small amounts for cells to work properly

Question 12

What is lipid’s main function in the body?

Answer 12

for energy and cell membranes

Question 13

How do you test for starch?

Answer 13

iodine

Question 14

How do you test for protein?

Answer 14

biuret

Question 15

How do you test for glucose?

Answer 15

benedict’s

Question 16

How do you test for lipids?

Answer 16

alcohol

Question 17

What is the positive reaction for the iodine test?

Answer 17

black

Question 18

What is the positive reaction for the benedicts test?

Answer 18

brick red

Question 19

What is the positive reaction for the biuret test?

Answer 19

Lilac

Question 20

What is the positive reaction for the alcohol test?

Answer 20

clear with a top cloudy layer

Question 21

What are the tiny hairs on villi?

Answer 21

microvilli

Question 22

what is mastication?

Answer 22

chewing (mechanical digestion)

Question 23

what is peristalsis?

Answer 23

muscles in the oesphagus contracting in turn

Question 24

What is an enzyme?

Answer 24

biological catalysts in living organisms. they speed up the rate of chemical reactions without being altered in the process

Question 25

What is denaturing?

Answer 25

When an enzyme is in the wrong pH or a temperature that is too high, the bonds holding the active site together break, and the enzyme is no longer complimentary with the substrate.

Question 26

What does the mouth do?

Answer 26

The smell of food triggers salivary glands to secrete saliva, containing amylase, which chemically breaks down starch. There is also mechanical digestion- chewing increases the food pieces’ surface area

Question 27

what does the oesphagus do?

Answer 27

Carries food to the stomach, push through with a series of muscular contractions

Question 28

what is gastric juice?

Answer 28

a mixture of hydrochloric acid, enzymes and mucus

Question 29

What does the stomach do?

Answer 29

Contains acid that kills any ingested bacteria and produces protease to break down proteins. The muscular walls contract to churn food, to break it into smaller pieces.

Question 30

What does the small intestine do?

Answer 30

Produces protease, amylase and lipase. Soluble products of digestion are absorbed into the blood through the walls, which are covered in projections which increase the surface area

Question 31

where are villi found?

Answer 31

small intestine

Question 32

What does the liver do?

Answer 32

Produces bile, detoxifies blood and processes digested food.

Question 33

What does the pancreas do?

Answer 33

Produces digestive enzymes, which are secreted into the first segment of the small intestine. Also makes insulin which is secreted directly into the bloodstream

Question 34

What are proteins broken down into?

Answer 34

amino acids

Question 35

What are lipids broken down into?

Answer 35

fatty acids and glycerol

Question 36

What are carbohydrates broken down into?

Answer 36

maltose, and eventually glucose

Question 37

What breaks down carbs?

Answer 37

carbohydrase

Question 38

What breaks down protein?

Answer 38

protease (versions include pepsin trypsin and pancreatic protease some of which may or may not be the same thing)

Question 39

What breaks down fats?

Answer 39

lipase

Question 40

What is amylase?

Answer 40

a type of carbohydrase

Question 41

where is amylase found?

Answer 41

saliva and small intestine

Question 42

What does the gall bladder do?

Answer 42

Stores excess bile before releasing it into the small intestine

Question 43

What is the original colour of the biuret test?

Answer 43

Blue

Question 44

What is the original colour of the alcohol test?

Answer 44

colourless

Question 45

What is the original colour of the iodine test?

Answer 45

Brown

Question 46

What is bile used for?

Answer 46

Bile is alkaline so neutralises hydrochloric acid from the stomach. It emulsifiers fats to form small droplets which increases the surface area

Question 47

Which organs make enzymes?

Answer 47

Pancreas, liver, stomach, small intestine

Question 48

What is used in experiments modelling digestion?

Answer 48

Visking tubing

Question 49

What type of carbohydrate is found in potatoes?

Answer 49

Starch

Question 50

Which deficiency disease do you get from not eating enough vitamin c?

Answer 50

Scurvy.

Question 51

What is scurvy?

Answer 51

A deficiency disease you get from not eating enough vitamin c. Often sailors got scurvy on long sea voyages because they could not eat enough fresh fruit and veg.

Question 52

What is insulin?

Answer 52

The chief hormone for metabolising sugar

Question 53

What enzymes does the pancreas produce?

Answer 53

Lipase, carbohydrase and pancreatic protease

Question 54

What is the name for the series of muscular contractions that carries food down into the stomach ?

Answer 54

Peristalsis

Question 55

What is peristalsis?

Answer 55

the series of muscular contractions that carries food down into the stomach

Question 56

What is the name for the mass of chewed food that passes from the mouth to the stomach?

Answer 56

The bolus

Question 57

What is the bolus?

Answer 57

the mass of chewed food that passes from the mouth to the stomach

Question 58

What is the chyme?

Answer 58

the mass of partially digested food and gastric juices that leaves the stomach

Question 59

What is the name for the mass of partially digested food and gastric juices that leaves the stomach?

Answer 59

The chyme

Question 60

What type of acid does the stomach contain?

Answer 60

Hydrochloric acid

Question 61

What does the large intestine do?

Answer 61

The LI is responsible for processing waste. Bacteria break down anything that has not been fully digested. As material passes through, water is absorbed into the blood.

Question 62

What do faeces contain?

Answer 62

Food debris (Fibre) and bacteria

Question 63

What does the rectum do?

Answer 63

Connects the large intestine to the anus Receives faeces from the LI Lets the person know there is stool to be evacuated Holds the stool until evacuation

Question 64

How long is the rectum?

Answer 64

8 inches

Question 65

Digestion means to break food down into smaller, _____ molecules

Answer 65

Soluble

Question 66

Chemicals that speed up digestion are called...

Answer 66

Enzymes

Question 67

What type of enzyme does the stomach produce?

Answer 67

Protease

Question 68

Which parts of the body use mechanical digestion?

Answer 68

Mouth, stomach

Question 69

What is the name of the protease found in the stomach?

Answer 69

Pepsin

Question 70

What is the name of the protease found in the small intestine?

Answer 70

Trypsin

Question 71

What is the ideal pH for pepsin?

Answer 71

2

Question 72

What is the ideal pH for trypsin?

Answer 72

9

Question 73

What is the ideal pH for salivary amylase?

Answer 73

7

Question 74

What is the ideal pH for lipase?

Answer 74

8

Question 75

Where does mechanical digestion take place?

Answer 75

Mouth, stomach, SI

Question 76

When the substrate is being broken down by an enzyme, what is it called?

Answer 76

enzyme-substrate complex

Question 77

How long is the small intestine and how does this help the digestion process?

Answer 77

7m of small intestine gives ample time for absorption of soluble molecules as food moves along

Question 78

How thick is the wall of the SI?

Answer 78

One cell thick

Question 79

What is the part of the enzyme that the substrate fits into?

Answer 79

the active site

Question 80

What does catalase break down?

Answer 80

hydrogen peroxide

Question 81

What are the adaptions of the small intestine? (4)

Answer 81

7m long one cell thick walls villi + microvilli good blood supply

Question 82

What is the peak of an graph called (ie temperature)

Answer 82

optimum

Question 83

What is is called when the graph flattens out

Answer 83

plateauing

Question 84

What does Q10=2 mean?

Answer 84

For every 10 degrees the temperature increases, the rate of reaction increases

Question 85

What chemical is in bile that neutralises the acid from the stomach?

Answer 85

Sodium hydrogcarbonate

Question 86

What should you NOT mention when writing about enzymes?

Answer 86

Kinetic energy