tissues

Question 1

parenchyma cells

Answer 1

large undifferentiated cells with thin primary cell walls.

alive at maturity, thin walled cells that make up inside of non woody plant structures including stems, roots, and leaves. They are totipotent, meaning they can develop in a whole plant

Question 2

collenchyma cells

Answer 2

unevenly thickened primary cell wall for support, especially in growth areas, surround vascular tissue

Question 3

sclerenchyma

Answer 3

evenly thickened lignified secondary cell walls for support and conduction

Question 4

types of parenchyma:

Answer 4

chlorenchyma, aerencgyma, prosenchyma, mesophyll parenchyma, xylem parenchyma, epidermal parenchyma

Question 5

Prosenchyma-

Answer 5

specialized paraenchyma that are long tapered lignified and used for storage

Question 6

aerenchyma

Answer 6

air holes created to make it a spongy cross section, helps make O2

Question 7

parenchyma transfer cell function

Answer 7

associated with phloem cells, numerous wall ingrowths, helps move water/carbohydrates

Question 8

sclerids

Answer 8

have highly thickened, lignified, cellular walls that form small bundles of tissue, can be branched

Question 9

where does primary growth occur?

Answer 9

shoot and root apical meristems where parenchyma cells divide into primary meristems

Question 10

how are primary meristems differentiated

Answer 10

becomes the protoderm, ground meristem, and pro cambium

Question 11

what do ground tissue consist of

Answer 11

parenchyma, sclernchyma, and collenchyma

Question 12

dicot cross section

Answer 12

surrounded by cuticle, palisade layer and mesophyll in the middle, lower and upper epidermis at the ends

Question 13

guard cell function

Answer 13

flank the stoma, where water exits to close stoma

Question 14

subsidiary cells

Answer 14

support cells for stoma

Question 15

what do epidermal cells differentiate into?

Answer 15

trichomes

Question 16

trichome function

Answer 16

reduce water loss and protect against herbivory

Question 17

cells associated with xylem

Answer 17

tracheary elements that conduct water and minerals, fibers for support and sometimes storage, and parenchyma for storage

Question 18

cells associated with phloem

Answer 18

sieve elements for long distance transport of food materials,

sclerenchyma, sclerids, fibers, and parenchyma for storage

Question 19

what do meristematic cells differentiate into

Answer 19

vessel elements with secondary cell walls, sieve tube elements, fibers and parenchyma

Question 20

describe the vascular cylinder in roots

Answer 20

xylem tissue in the middle surrounded by sclerenchyma cells

Question 21

how do sugar move in phloem tissue

Answer 21

with the help of water

Question 22

tracheid and vessel element development

Answer 22

tracheids first developed evolutionarily, then vessel tube elements developed

vessel elements found in angiosperms but not gymnosperms

Question 23

process of vessel development

Answer 23

parenchyma cell develops, secondary wall thickens, nucleus degenerates, primary wall disintegrates

Question 24

process of phloem development

Answer 24

companion cells present next to sieve tube elements, since putting sugar in is an energy intensive process

• water enters sieve tube element
• sieve plates present at end, lateral area present to push water in laterally

Question 25

albuminous cells

Answer 25

have same function as companion cells in gymnosperms