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plant bio > fungi > Flashcards

fungi Flashcards

1
Q

fungi defintion

A

eukaryotes, are confused as plants but are actually very important

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2
Q

lichens

A

pioneer organisms,arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.

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3
Q

importance of fungi

A

function in mycorrhiza, are endophytes, decomposers, and parasites of plants

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4
Q

endophyte functions

A

fungi live within other plants to stimulate growth and reproduction, provide nutrients, and increase photosynthesis

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5
Q

fescue grass

A

made cows sick due to fungi producing a toxin

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6
Q

decomposers/ biogeochemical transformers

A

lignin, lignocellulose, cellulose, keratin, mycoremediation

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7
Q

diseases due to fungi

A

chestnut blight, wheat rust, corn smut, dutch elm

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8
Q

why do fungi decompose more than bacteria?

A

They are eukaryotic

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9
Q

ergot

A

hallucinogenic compound

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10
Q

how are fungi classified based on reproduction

A

zygomycota (asexual/sexual)

Basidiomycota (mushrooms)

chytridiomycota (flagellated gametes)

imperfect fungi (sexual reproduction not observed)

glomeromycota - arbuscular mycorrhizae

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11
Q

zoosporic fungi

A

opisthosporidia
chytridiomycota
neocallismastigomycota
blastocladiomycota

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12
Q

zygomycetous fungi types

A

zoopagomycota, Glomeromycota, mucoromycota

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13
Q

dikarya

A

Basidiomycota, agaricomycotina, Ascomycota

have two nuclei per hyphae cell

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14
Q

life cycle of fungi

A

all of the hyphae together are mycelium with haploid nuclei

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15
Q

mycelium path

A

can go through plasmogamy (fusion of cytoplasm to form heterokaryote) or can go through asexual reproduction to produce spores

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16
Q

heterokaryotic stage

A

2 nuclei in hyphae, forms a diploid which goes through meiosis to produce spores

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17
Q

where are basidiospores found

A

gills of fungi

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18
Q

sacrophytes

A

decompose the plant

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19
Q

chytrid polyphagous

A

parasite of the euglena cell

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20
Q

foliose lichen

A

mutualistic fungi

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21
Q

penicilum

A

fungi important for antibiotics cleaved from citrus fruits

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22
Q

other uses of fungi

A

food/clothing

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23
Q

form of fungi

A

typically filamentous (multicellular with hyphae), but can also be unicellular

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24
Q

what happens when fungi go through cell division

A

nuclear envelope stays in tact

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25
Q

fungi cell wall

A

composed of chitin

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26
Q

septate vs aseptate hyphae

A

septate - have cross walls

aseptate - coenocytic ( no cross walls)

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27
Q

fungi zygotę

A

goes through meiosis right away. formed by fertilization of gametes

28
Q

fruting bodies

A

produce spores

29
Q

asexual spores

A

sporangia and conidia,

reproduction occurs through fragmentation of hyphae

30
Q

multicellular fungi reproduction method

A

have asexual spores

31
Q

how do unicellular fungi reproduce

A

budding

32
Q

ascomycota

A

contain ascospores that are found in asci, produce conidia

33
Q

zoospore characteristic

A

flagellated

34
Q

opisthosporidia characteristic

A

all species are parasites on eukaryotes, are unicellular

35
Q

stink corn

A

attracts fungi, spores go through digestive system and water pressure causes spore to shoot out

36
Q

chytridiomycota

A

are saprobes (decomposers)

responsible for amphibian extinction crisis which infects the skin of amphibians

37
Q

neocallimastigomyctoa

A

associated with digestive tracts of herbivores, anaerboic cellulose decomposer

38
Q

blastocladiomycota

A

contains saprobes, animal parasites, algal parasitoids, are flagellated

39
Q

zygomycetous fungi characteristics

A

are non flagellated, can be parasites (zoopagomycota) or symbionts/saprotrophs (glomeromycota/mucoromycota)

40
Q

zoopagomycota function

A

are decomposers

41
Q

mucormycota

A

mainly decomposers, cause infections in animals and humans, important in the food industry, are ectomycorrihizal

42
Q

Glomeromycota

A

obligate arbuscular (penetrating root cells) mycorrhizal symbionts, multinucleated

43
Q

rhizopus life cycle

A

reproduces asexually/sexually

44
Q

rhizopus life cycle

A

can reproduce sexually or asexually

45
Q

dikarya sexual cycle

A

consists of hyphal fusion uncoupled with meiosis

46
Q

types of ascocarps

A

cleistothecium, perithecium, apothecium,

47
Q

cleistothecium

A

ascocarp with completely closed fruit body with no special opening to the outside

48
Q

perithecium

A

ascocarp with a round or flask-shaped fruiting body with a pore through which the spores are discharged.

49
Q

apothecium

A

ascocarp consisting of a discoid or cupped body bearing asci on the exposed flat or concave surface.

50
Q

types of ascomycota

A

taprhinomycotina, saccharomycotina, pezizomycotina

51
Q

taphrinomycotina

A

plant pathogens, saprotrophic yeasts (break down dead organisms for energy, parasites of the lung, root endophytes

52
Q

saccharomycotina

A

are all unicellular yeasts, associate with microniches in animals, plants, and insects

53
Q

pezizomycotina

A

most diverse group of ascomycota, can be lichens, are mycorrhizal, endophytes, also mycoparasites

54
Q

dutch elm disease

A

caused by ascomycota

55
Q

white nose syndrome

A

caused by pseudogymnoascus destructus (an ascomycota)

56
Q

Basidiomycota

A

second most species rich, septate, have basidiocarps as fruiting bodies, spores produced by basidia

57
Q

types of Basidiomycota

A

pucciniomycotina, ustilagomyctoina, agaricomycotina

58
Q

pucciniomycotina

A

are saprotrophic yeasts, mycoparasites, insect pathogens, and form mycorrhizae

59
Q

pucciniomycetes life cycle

A

require two separate hosts to complete life cycle (heteroecious), no basidiocarp formed

60
Q

ustilagomycotina

A

yeasts, plant pathogens, some are free living, some are animal pathogens

61
Q

agaricomycotina

A

largest group of Basidiomycota, are divided into tremellomycetes, dacrymycetes, agricomycetes

62
Q

tremellomycetes

A

Basidiomycota agaricomycotina that form jelly fungi

they are mycoparasites,
free living

63
Q

dacrymycetes

A

Basidiomycota agaricomycotina that are a small group of wood decaying fungi, are gelatinous pigmented fruiting bodies

64
Q

agaricomycetes

A

Basidiomycota agaricomycotina that are saprotrophs (brown rot and white rot), pathogens, ectomycorrhizal, insect symbionts

65
Q

destroying angel

A

type of agaricomycete that is very toxic

66
Q

types of lichens

A

crustose - grows on a separate structure

foliose - flattened leaf structure

fruticose - coral like shrubby structure

plant bio (19 decks)

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