Chapter 13 The Reformation Flashcards
It was the beginning of modern Europe and it profoundly
influenced the development of western
civilization
Reformation
What Religion was picked up by European countries during the reformation?
Protestantism
Y/N the reformation saw a DECREASE in religious enthusiasm.
N
What religion responded to the Protestant challenge with a counter-reformation?
Catholicism
Was the catholic counter reformation successful
Somewhat, it had some success.
What period destroyed the religious unity of Western
Europe and initiated a period of
devastating religious wars in the 16th and
17th centuries
The Reformation
When did the Great Schism take place
The late 1300s (1377)-The Early 1400s (1417)
when did the Babylonian captivity take place
the 14th century
What did the crises of the 14th and 15th centuries do to the clergy?
Hurt it’s prestige
what was the movement that wanted to reform the
Church to give it a council with more power than the pope was rejected by several popes in the
15th and 16th century
The Conciliar Movement
What is simony?
When the church sells a cardinalship or a bishop’s position.
Pluralism
Someone holding two offices at a time
Absenteeism
an official not participating in benefices but receiving
payment and privileges
What are Indulgences?
people paying money to the Church to absolve their
sins or sins of their loved ones
Nepotism
Letting family members into a position of power that is not deserved.
Leo X and Clement VII’s relation to the Medici was an example of:
Nepotism
What was Pope Alexander VI’s scandal
He had numerous children out of wetlock
Clerical ignorance in the Catholic church
many priests were virtually illiterate
How did Clergymen sexually abuse their power?
trading sexual favors for the absolution of sins during a
confession.
What were some claims of John Wyclif?
(1329-1384)
- Stated that the Bible was the sole authority
- Stressed personal communion with God
- Translated the Bible into English
Foreshadowed Martin Luther’s views in the early 16th century
his followers were called Lollards
What were some of John Hus’s claims and Feats?
Czech Philosipher (1369-1415)
(HINT: Simmilar to Wycliff)
- Religious leader in Bohemia who led a nationalist movement there
- Burned at the stake by the Church
for his “heretical” views - Hussites were followers of Hus who staged large rebellions in the 14th century
Who was Erasmus
- He criticized the corruption in the church and the hypocrisy of the clergy.
- Erasmus laid the egg that Luther hatched.
- Highly impacted Christan Humanism
- Wrote in Praise of Folley
How did christan humanists feel about the church?
Christian humanists of the Northern Renaissance criticized the church and questioned the validity of the Latin Vulgate
Latin Vulgate
Catholic bible
When the bible was translated:
it undermined Church athourity by indirectly criticising the papacy, by criticising supreme athourity.
What major part of the renesance undermined the church
The strive for individuallity
Ulrich Zwingli
- humanist preacher
- used Erasmus’ edition of the Greek New Testament.
Which religious humanist was John Calvin influinced by
Erasmus
After Martin Luther’s Reformation, Many monistaries turned into:
Schools
What facilitated the spread of humanisim?
the printing press
Martin Luther
(1483-1546)
- reformation minded Augustinian monk who taught at
the University of Wittenburg in Saxony.
Johann Tetzel
- encouraged by Pope Leo X to sell indulgences.
- Indulgences were payments to reduce a person’s punishment in Purgatory, or perhaps the pain of
a loved one who had already died. - Tetzel’s selling of indulgences had become egregious.
Nintey Five Theses
(1517)
- criticized the selling of indulgences
- questioned the scriptural authority of the pope to grant indulgences.
- Luther’s imfamy was a result of the printing press
How did the pope veiw the 95 thesis
he thought it was insignifigant
Were disagreements between clergymen common Y/N?
Y
