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repro > Male repro > Flashcards

Male repro Flashcards

1
Q

Overview of sperm course

A

Testes - sperm made in seminiferous tubules
Epididymis - sperm mature
Ductus deferens
Seminal vesicle
Join urethra via ejaculatory ducts

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2
Q

What are the testes within?

A

Tunica vaginalis - serous, parietal layer and visceral layer with cavity

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3
Q

What is the capsule called that surrounds seminiferous tubules and gives them their structure?

A

Tunica albuginea

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4
Q

Parts of epididymis

A

Head
Body
Tail

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5
Q

What is a hydrocele?

A

Fluid filled bag
Tunica vaginalis fills with serous fluid
Trans illuminates when torch is placed on scrotum

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6
Q

Two cells specially found within/around seminiferous tubule

A

Sertoli and Leydig cells

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7
Q

Sertoli cells function

A

Found inside seminiferous
Strip/phagocytose cytoplasm from sperm to make them more streamline

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8
Q

Leydig cells function

A

Found in spaces between seminiferous tubules
Where testosterone and androgens are synthesised (LOTS OF SER)

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9
Q

Testicular blood supply

A

testicular artery from abdominal aorta

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10
Q

Venous drainage testicular veins

A

Right testicular vein –> inferior vena cava

Left testicular vein –> left renal vein –> inferior vena cava

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11
Q

Why is testicular blood supply important?

A

Spermatogenesis temperature should be at 2 degrees lower than body temp

Venous blood from testes cools arterial blood going to testes to allow optimum temp

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12
Q

What do the veins form in testes?

A

Pampiniform plexus - wrap around artery to cool it down, thermal regulation

(as scrotum is external to body venous blood is cool here)

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13
Q

Where do the testes drain to lymphatically?

A

Paraaortic lymph nodes (nodes around aorta)

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14
Q

Where does superficial scrotum lymph drain to?

A

Inguinal lymph nodes - more superficial, not as deep

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15
Q

Testicular torsion

A

Medical EMERGENCY
Testes and spermatic cord twist on axis

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16
Q

What happens in testicular torsion?

A

Venous drainage is occluded = swelling
Swelling occludes arteries supplying testes
Death of tissue –> necrosis

(compartment syndrome of testes)

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17
Q

Genetic reason why some people are more likely to get testicular torsion

A

Bell clapper deformity - tunica vaginalis fully invaginates testes and some spermatic cord

Means that testes can swing more and twist

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18
Q

Treatment of testicular torsion

A

FAST (surgery within 6-12 hours)

Open scrotum and untwist
Suture to attach testes to scrotum to hold them in place

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19
Q

What makes sure testes cannot swap sides?

A

Scrotal septum

20
Q

How do the testes develop?

A

At first they are high up in abdominal wall
They are pulled through and down to pelvis via gubernaculum (string like)
Abdominal wall muscles create fascia surrounding testes

(like pulling finger through clingfilm)

21
Q

What space is left behind as testes are pulled through abdomen to pelvis?

A

Inguinal canal

22
Q

Layers of spermatic fascia and origins

A

External spermatic fascia - external oblique
Cremasteric fascia - internal oblique
Internal spermatic fascia - transversalis fascia

23
Q

Spermatic cord contents - rule of 3

A

3 fascial layers

3 arteries/veins - testicular A+V/pampiniform plexus, A+V to vas, cremasteric A+V

3 nerves - autonomics (sympathetics to vas), genital branch of genitofemoral nerve, ilioinguinal nerve

3 others - the vas, lymphatics, patent process of vaginalis (not normal)

24
Q

Nerve functions

A

Genital portion of genitofemoral - motor to cremaster muscle

Ilioingiunal nerve - sensory to external genitals and upper inner thigh

25
Q

Vas anatomical relations

A

Water under the bridge - ureter passes under the ductus/vas deferens as if it was water under bridge

26
Q

Vasectomy incision

A

Within scrotum, feel vas and tie
reversible

27
Q

Where do ejaculatory ducts join urethra?

A

In prostate

28
Q

Prostate tumours difference

A

BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) usually affects transitional zone of prostate (inner near urethra)

Prostate cancers tend to be in peripheral zone

29
Q

Zones of prostate

A

Central
Transitional
Peripheral

30
Q

Problems with catheterising males

A

Straighten penis (as bends make difficult)
Gently pull to reduce later bend
Be mindful that external urethral sphincter (in membranous portion) can make difficult

31
Q

Functions of penis

A

Expulsion urine
Deposition of sperm
removal of competitors (scoop out)
Attract mates

32
Q

Structure of penis

A

2x corpus cavernosum (eyes of ET) (copora cavernosa)

1x corpus spongiosum (mouth of ET)

33
Q

What causes erection?

A

Vasodilation in penis arterioles and compression of veins
Initiated by parasympathetic stimulation
Terminated by sympathetic vasoconstriction

34
Q

What process results in ejaculation?

A

Sympathetic

35
Q

How is the penis attached to body?

A

Anchored to pelvic bone - suspensory ligament attaches to pubic symphysis

36
Q

What happens when penis is fractured?

A

Tunica albuginea of penis ruptures when bended
Usually surrounds muscles
Extreme swelling

37
Q

Fibres in tunica albuginea

A

Collagen - arranged at right angles to each other, one parallel and one circumferential to penile long axis

38
Q

Main blood supply to penis

A

Dorsal arteries of penis
Deep arteries of penis
Bulbourethral artery

From internal pudendal artery (which is from Internal iliac artery)

39
Q

What do you need to remember about trans men? ie females that have transitioned to males

A

Do they still have a cervix?
They made need smear tests if they do

40
Q

3 parts of penis

A

Root
Body
Glans

41
Q

Where does corpus cavernosum and spongiosum connect to?

A

Corpus cavernosum - originates from crus of penis

Corpus spongiosum - originates from bulb of penis

42
Q

Venous blood drainage penis

A

Deep dorsal vein to prostatic plexus

Superficial dorsal veins - drains skin etc

43
Q

Innervation of penis

A

Pudendal nerve - sensory and sympathetic

Periprostatic nerve plexus = erection

44
Q

blood supply to penis

A

Deep artery
Dorsal artery
Bulbourethral artery

(all from internal pudendal artery from internal iliac)

45
Q

Hi, if you can please could you fill out this feedback form so I can improve this deck and know how helpful the cards are. You only need to fill it out once for all my cards. Thanks, Ella :)

A
46
Q
A

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