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Repro > Female repro anatomy > Flashcards

Female repro anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Overview of female repro anatomy

A

Bladder anterior
Uterus middle
Rectum posterior
Uterine/fallopian tubes connect ovary to uterus

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2
Q

Why are sharp pains often felt at ovulation?

A

Egg matures within ovarian surface (capsule) it then breaches and ruptures its follicle to leave ovary

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3
Q

Why do nuns tend to get ovarian cancer?

A

They do not use contraception
Do not get pregnant
They have the maximum amount of ovulations possible = stress to ovary and mutations

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4
Q

Problems that can occur within ovary

A

Ovarian cysts - fluid filled and can be benign or malignant
Can be so large that pt suspects pregnancy or very small

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5
Q

Problem with cystic ovary

A

More likely to twist and can get torsion of ovary
Cut off blood supply - severe abdo pain

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6
Q

What is a mature egg called?

A

Oocyte

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7
Q

Parts of the uterus

A

Uterine tubes
Fundus (top)
Body
Cervix
Vagina

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8
Q

Layers of uterine wall

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium (inner lining)

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9
Q

Structure at the end of uterine tube

A

Fimbriae - finger like projections catch egg from ovary

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10
Q

Close proximity of uterus with rectum and bladder meaning

A

Full bladder/rectum could press against uterus
If expanded uterus eg due to pregnancy could get constipation or urine frequency if pushing against bladder

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11
Q

Top of vagina and cervix structures present

A

Fornices - posterior and anterior fornices

(folds between vagina and cervix, can be used to insert pessaries)

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12
Q

What are the openings of the cervix known as?

A

External os - opening into vagina
Internal os - opening into uterus

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13
Q

Signs to look for on cervix for cervical cancer

A

New vessel formation - red and inflamed
Pale tissue growth
Ulceration

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14
Q

What happens to abdominal viscera as uterus expands during pregnancy?

A

Gets compressed - get symptoms suggesting this such as acid reflux, urine frequency, constipation, ligament stretch pain

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15
Q

Parts of the uterine tube

A

Fimbriae (at ovary end)
Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus (where it joins uterus)

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16
Q

Where is an egg usually fertilised?

A

Within the ampulla, then travels down to uterus to implant in uterine wall

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17
Q

What happens in ectopic pregnancy?

A

Where a fertilised egg implants anywhere other than the uterine cavity

Most often within the uterine tubes
Rarely can be intraperitoneal - opening of fimbriae into peritoneal space

18
Q

Why is ectopic pregnancy a clinical emergency?

A

Fallopian tubes are supplied by anastomoses of uterine and ovarian artery (well supplied)
Tubes are not structured to cope with growing foetus
If ruptures can haemorrhage and die of blood loss

19
Q

Cells that are within uterine/fallopian tubes to aid with fertilisation

A

Peg cells - provide nutrients for sperm
Cilia - waft egg to uterus

20
Q

What do the uterine tubes open into?

A

The peritoneal cavity - they are not directly connected to ovary but simply hover over them waiting to catch egg

21
Q

Two pouches created by broad ligament (extension of peritoneum)

A

Pouch of douglas/rectouterine pouch

Vesicouterine pouch (between bladder and uterus)

22
Q

What are the pelvic viscera coated in?

A

Broad ligament - peritoneum so known as ‘sub peritoneum’

23
Q

Ligaments of ovary/ uterus

A

Broad ligament
Round ligament - uterus
Ovarian ligament
Suspensory ligament

24
Q

Ligaments derived from peritoneum

A

Broad ligament, suspensory ligament

25
Q

Ligaments derived from gubernaculum

A

Ligament of ovary
Round ligament

26
Q

What does the broad ligament do? What parts are there?

A

Mesometrium - surrounds uterus also encloses round ligament

Mesosalpinx - encloses the fallopian tubes and connects to ovary

Mesovarium - attaches to hilum of ovary

27
Q

What does the ovarian ligament do?

A

connects ovary to uterus

28
Q

What does suspensory ligament do?

A

Connects ovary to lateral abdominal wall, contains neurovascular vessels. Formed by tenting of peritoneum

29
Q

What does the round ligament do?

A

Connects uterine horns to labia majora by passing through inguinal canal and attaching to labia.

Keeps the uterus in an anterior position by having tension pulling forwards Can be painful in pregnancy

30
Q

Blood supply to ovaries and uterus and vagina

A

Ovarian artery - originates from abdominal aorta

Uterine and vaginal arteries - originate fron internal iliac artery

31
Q

Uterine artery and relation to ureter and clinical significance

A

Ureter passes beneath uterine artery
If when performing hysterectomy the ureter is accidentally damaged this can be life changing.

(water under the bridge)

32
Q

Angles of vagina, cervix and uterus

A

Angle of anteversion - angle between cervix and vagina

Angle of anteflexion - angle between cervix and uterus

(VVVersion for Vagina)

33
Q

Different positions of uterus

A

If angle of anteversion:
>180 - retroversion
<180 - anteverted

Anteflexion:
>180 - retroflexed
<180 - anteflexed

34
Q

Common position for uterus

A

Anteverted and anteflexed

35
Q

Bimanual exam of uterus

A

Place 2 fingers inside of vagina and push on cervix upwards
Place one hand on lower abdominal area and see if can palpate fundus of uterus

If can - uterus is anteflexed - facing forwards

36
Q

What does a retroflexed and retroverted uterus look like

A

Retroflexed - uterus faces posteriorly

Retroverted - uterus is more vertical than horizontal and reaches up into pelvic space

37
Q

What cells line the vagina?

A

Stratified squamous filled with glycogen vacuoles

38
Q

Why does the vagina have glycogen?

A

Food for the lactobacilli bacteria that keep vagina pH acidic
Self cleaning

39
Q

The vulva structure

A

Glans Clitoris and prepuce (hood)
Labia majora
Labia minora
Vestibule - space inside of labia minora
External urethra orifice
Vaginal opening

40
Q

Transwomen importane

A

Often still have prostate surrounding urethra - still at risk of BPH or prostate cancer

41
Q

Cervix ligaments

A

Pubocervical
Transverse/cardinal ligaments
Uterosacral

Repro (22 decks)

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