12-1 Brain CNS Blood Supply Flashcards

1
Q

<p>A: The \_\_\_\_\_ Artery (\_\_\_\_\_ circulation) perfuses MOST of the CEREBRUM.</p>

<p>It bifurcates into the \_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_ artery</p>

<p>B: What are the 3 daughter branches of this Artery?</p>

A

<p>The INTERNAL CAROTID Artery (ANTERIOR circulation) perfuses MOST of Cerebrum.</p>

<p>It bifurcates into..... [Anterior Cerebral a.]---->medial cortex and [middle cerebral a.]-->lateral cortex</p>

<p>B: Daughter branches: 1) ophthalmic artery 2) ANT Choroidal a. 3) POST communicating a.</p>

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2
Q

<p>A: The \_\_\_\_\_ system (\_\_\_\_\_\_circulation) perfuses Brainstem, Cerebellum &amp; Spinal Cord. It Bifurcates into \_\_\_\_ cerebral arteries.</p>

<p>B: Describe this system</p>

<p>C: What are the daughter branches for each of these Arteries?</p>

A

<p>The <strong>V</strong>ERTEBRO<strong>B</strong>ASILAR system (POSTERIOR circulation) perfuses Brainstem, Cerebellum &amp; Spinal Cord.</p>

<p>B: 2 Vertebral a. Join---> 1 Basilar ARtery-->Bifurcates into <strong>PCA</strong>[POST cerebral a.]</p>

<p>C:</p>

<p>*<em>Basilar</em> branches = [(<strong>AICA</strong>) ANT inf. cerebellar a.] &amp; [(<strong>SCA</strong>)SUP cerebellar a.]</p>

<p>**<em>Vertebral</em> branches = PAP! (, <strong>A</strong>SA<strong>P</strong>SA, <strong>P</strong>ICA) -ANT Spinal a. -POST Spinal a. -POST inferior cerebellar a.</p>

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3
Q

<p>A: 80% of Strokes arise from occlusion in the \_\_\_\_ a. which is a bifurcated branch of the \_\_\_\_\_\_ Artery. What part of the brain is perfused by this bifurcated branch? B: What part of the Brain does the [POST cerebral a.] perfuse? [2]</p>

A

<p>80% of strokes<-----[middle cerebral a.] which is a bifurcated branch of INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY. [middle cerebral a.] perfuses lateral cortex B: [POST cerebral a.] perfuses Occipital lobe &amp; Temporal Lobes (memory lost)</p>

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4
Q

<p>A: The <em>Circle of Willis</em> Interconnects the \_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_ circulations. How does it do this exactly?</p>

<p>B: How is it related to perfusion of deep cerebral structures? (2)</p>

<p>C: What are the Anterior/Posterior<strong>Perforated Substance</strong>?</p>

A

<p>{Circle of Willis} Interconnects ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR circulations. It forms 1. [ANT communicating a.] between the two [ANT cerebral a.] and [POST communicating a.] between [Internal carotid] and [POST cerebral a.] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p>

<p>B: As an Artery around brain base it gives rise to small perforating ganglion arteries via MCA--->[lenticulostriate a. ] = diencephalon / hypothalamus / telencephalon</p>

<p><span>C: </span><span>entry points of perforating a. on Brain Base</span></p>

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5
Q

<p>Blood Brain Barriers are formed by \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_which use \_\_\_ junctions between \_\_\_\_ cells to filter blood coming from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.</p>

<p>B: What are Pericyte? Where is it located (2)?</p>

A

<p>Blood Brain Barriers are formed by [ASTROCYTE GLIAL CELLS] which use TIGHT junctions between ENDOTHELIAL cells and [ENDOTHELIAL CELL LAMINA] to "gatekeep" blood coming from from CAPILLARIES(<em>which never make<strong>direct</strong>contact with brain tissue</em>)</p>

<p>B: Pleuripotent cell that gives rise to other blood vessels and regulates endothelial cells. Located [under basal lamina] but [ON TOP OF ENDOTHELIUM]</p>

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6
Q

<p>The Brain is \_\_\_% of Body weight BUT uses \_\_\_% Oxygen!</p>

<p>A: <em>metabolic</em>: INC neuronal activity--->\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ released --->[\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ activation]--->\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_released at feet ---> applied to vessels to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in that area</p>

<p>B: How is Control of Blood Flow <em>AUTOregulated</em>?</p>

<p>C: How is Control of Blood Flow regulated <em>neuronally</em>?</p>

<p>D: What is the normal Flow of Blood and what happens when that number is low? [2]</p>

A

<p>Brain is 2% Body Weight BUT uses 25% Oxygen! -Control of Blood Flow-</p>

<p>A: <em>metabolic</em>: INC neuronal activity--->Gluta<strong>mate</strong> released --->[astrocyte feet receptor activation]--->VasoDIOLATES factors released at feet ---> applied to vessels to DILATE VESSELS IN THAT AREA</p>

<p>B: <em>AUTOREGULATION</em>: Arterial &amp; Smooth muscle cell mediated</p>

<p>C: <em>neuronally</em>: autonomic fibers innervate Cerebral vessels</p>

<p>D: Normally= [55 ml Blood/100 g in 1 minute]</p>

<p>20 ml = neurons stop electrically firing</p>

<p>10 ml = NECROSIS OF BRAIN!</p>

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7
Q

<p>Valveless Cerebral Veins ---(drain into)--->\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_-----(drain into)-----> \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_ + [Basilar Venous Plexus]</p>

<p>B: The [Basilar Venous Plexus] drains mostly \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_ and communicates with +\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_</p>

<p>C: Where does the [Cerebellum and Brainstem] draiiin their veiiiinnns?</p>

A

<p>Valveless Cerebral Veins---(drain into)--->[DURA VENOUS SINUSES]----(drain into)----> [INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN] + [Basilar Venous Plexus]</p>

<p>B: [Basilar Venous Plexus] mostly drains BASE OF BRAIN and communicates with [SPINAL CORD EPIDURAL VENOUS PLEXUS]</p>

<p>C: [Cerebellum and BrainSTEM] drain their veins into the [GREAT VEIN OF GALEN]! (along w/Deep Veins)</p>

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8
Q

<p>Describe the 2 Major Divisions of Cranial Venous Drainage -Superficial Veins (5) vs. Deep Veins (6)</p>

A

<p>****Superficial Veins*** 1. <em>Superficial</em> group = Dumps INto Superior/inferior Sagittal Sinuses 2. <em>Inferior</em> group= empties with transverse AND cavernous sinus ---->[SUP/inf sagittal sinus]----> **[SINUS CONFLUENCE]**---->Transverse sinuses--->IJV</p>

<p>vs.</p>

<p><em>Deep</em> Veins = empty into [Internal cerebral Veins] --->[GREAT VEIN OF GALEN]----->Straight Sinus---->**[SINUS CONFLUENCE]**----->Transverse sinuses ------>IJV</p>

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9
Q

Which radiographic scan would you typically use to identify hemorrhages? What color will the hemorrhage be?

A
CT SCANS (Where BONE & BLOOD ARE WHITE) ARE good with Hemorrhages! 
Hemorrhage will be WHITE AS WELL!
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10
Q

1) The Cranial Epidural Space contains what?

2) What’s special about this space?

A

1) Cranial Epidural “Space” contains Arterries and Veins
BUUT
2) There is NO Cranial Epidural Space physiologically

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11
Q

<p>What are<strong>Emissary Veins</strong>?</p>

A

<p>Vessels that connect [extracranial veins] to [Dural Sinuses]</p>

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12
Q

<p><em>What does the CT scan delineate?</em></p>

A

<p><strong>SubArachnoid Hemorrhage</strong> going into the Cisterns</p>

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