12-8 Thalamus Flashcards

1
Q

<p>Describe these 4 Divisions of the Diencephalon 1. Dorsal Thalamus 2. Epithalamus [3] 3. Subthalamus [2] 4. Hypothalamus</p>

A

<p>1. Dorsal Thalamus = MAIN THALAMUS 2. Epithalamus= Pineal Gland/Habenular nuclei/ [Stria medullaris] 3. Subthalamus= subthalamic nucleus &amp; Zona incerta 4. Hypothalamus</p>

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2
Q

A: What is the [Stria Medullaris] and where is it found?
**SM = fibers from ____ ____ & ______ structures tht work with [______ nuclei] to allow ______ ______ to influence ______ ______ ______

B: What is the [Zona incerta] and where is it found?

A

A: SM= fibers from [globus pallidus] & limbic structures tht work w/[Habenular nuclei] to allow basal ganglia to influence midbrain reticular formation
A2: Found in the ePithalamus
β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”-
B: [Zona incerta] = rostral continuation of [midbrain’s reticular formation]. Found in Subthalamus

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3
Q

Describe the 4 Components of the of the Thalamus
A: [Internal Medullary lamina]

B: Intralaminar nuclei

C: Thalamic RETICULAR nucleus

D: Midline nuclei

A

B: Intralaminar nuclei= embedded in [Internal Medullary Lamina] & projects to both cerebral cortex & basal ganglia
β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”-

C: Thalamic RETICULAR nucleus= forms sheet-like structure arounds thalamus & regulates activity of thalamocortical tracts

D: Midline nuclei= rostral continuation of PAG and covers ventricular surface of thalamus

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4
Q

Define the 3 Functional Groups of the Thalamus

A

A- [Specific Relay nuclei]= bidirectional inputs & projections to SPECIFIC motor/sensory Cortex

B- [Association nuclei]= bidirectional connections to association areas of Cortex & subcortical structures

C- [Non-specific nuclei]= NON POINT-TO-POINT connections in intralaminar & midline that β€œawaken/prepare” cortex for receipt

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5
Q

<p>A: [Thalamic RETICULAR nucleus] projects ONLY to \_\_\_\_\_ and NOT the \_\_\_\_\_. Neurons of this nuclei are \_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_. Thalamic Axons passing thru (incoming &amp; outgoing) give off \_\_\_\_ which travel to [Thalamic RETICULAR nucleus]. B: Main Purpose of [Thalamic RETICULAR nucleus] is to inhibit \_\_\_\_\_ and therefore Enhances activity of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_</p>

A

<p>[Thalamic RETICULAR nucleus] projects ONLY to other thalamic nuclei and NOT the Cerebral Cortex. Neurons of this nuclei are [inhibitory GABAergic]. Thalamic Axons passing thru (both incoming &amp; outgoing) give off collaterals to [Thalamic RETICULAR nucleus]. B: Main Purpose of [Thalamic RETICULAR nucleus] is to inhibit random background sensory activity ---> Enhances salient activity of 1 area of thalamic neurons.</p>

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6
Q

<p>A: What Thalamic Afferents travel TO the [ANTERIOR nc.]? [2] B: Where does the Efferent fibers of the [ANTERIOR nc.] project to? C: What type of Thalamic nucleus is the [ANTERIOR nc.]</p>

A

<p>[ANTERIOR nc.] A: Aff= Mammillary body &amp; Hippocampus ---> nc B: Eff= nc---> projects to Cingulate Gyrus C: [Specific Relay nuclei]</p>

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7
Q

Describe the Blood Supply for the [Internal Capsule] (3)

A

Internal Capsule Blood Supply:
1. [lateral striate a.] from MCA

  1. [Recurrent a. of Heubner] from the ACA
  2. [ANT Choroidal a.]
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8
Q

B: Specific inputs to the Thalamus use ____ as a NTS

A

A: PCA
Postetrior Cerebral A.
β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”β€”-
B: Specific inputs to the Thalamus use GLUTAMATE as a NTS

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9
Q

<p>A: What Thalamic Afferents travel TO the VA[VENTRAL Anterior nc.]? B: Where does the Efferent fibers of the [VENTRAL Anterior nc.] project to? C: What type of Thalamic nucleus is the [VENTRAL Anterior nc.]</p>

A

<p>[VENTRAL Anterior nc.] A: Aff= Basal ganglia ( [substantia nigra] ) ---> nc B: Eff= nc---> projects to PreFrontal Cortex C: [Specific Relay nuclei]</p>

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10
Q

<p>A: What Afferents travel TO the Thalamic [VL>ant] nc. B: Where does the Efferent fibers of the Thalamic [VL>ant] nc. project to? C: What type of Thalamic nucleus is the [VL>ant]</p>

A

<p>[VENTRAL Lateral nc.]>ANT part A: Aff= Basal ganglia ([Globus Pallidus])---> nc B: Eff= nc---> projects to Supplementary motor area C: [Specific Relay nuclei]</p>

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11
Q

<p>A: What Afferents travel TO the Thalamic [VL>PoST] nc. B: Where does the Efferent fibers of the Thalamic [VL>PoST] nc. project to? C: What type of Thalamic nucleus is the [VL>PoST]</p>

A

<p>[VENTRAL Lateral nc.]>PoST part A: Aff= Cerebellum---> nc B: Eff= nc---> MOTOR CORTEX C: [Specific Relay nuclei]</p>

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12
Q

<p>A: What Afferents travel TO the Thalamic [VPM] nc. B: Where does the Efferent fibers of the Thalamic [VPM] nc. project to? C: What type of Thalamic nucleus is the [VPM] D: What type of info specifically is this Thalamic nucleus involved with?</p>

A

<p>[VENTRAL POSTEROMEDIAL nc.] A: (Somatic) Aff= Head --> nc B: Eff= nc---> Somatosensory Cortex C: [Specific Relay nuclei] D: Involved with relaying Vestibular information</p>

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13
Q

<p>A: What Afferents travel TO the Thalamic [VPL] nc. (2) B: Where does the Efferent fibers of the Thalamic [VPL] nc. project to? C: What type of Thalamic nucleus is the [VPL] D: What type of info specifically is this Thalamic nucleus involved with?</p>

A

<p>[VENTRAL POSTEROLateral nc.] A: (Somatic) Aff= [Trunk&amp;Limbs] --> nc B: Eff= nc---> Somatosensory Cortex C: [Specific Relay nuclei] D: Involved with relaying Vestibular information</p>

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14
Q

<p>A: What Afferents travel TO the Thalamic [Lateral Geniculate] nc. (2) B: Where does the Efferent fibers of the Thalamic [Lateral Geniculate] nc. project to? C: What type of Thalamic nucleus is the [Lateral Geniculate]</p>

A

<p>[Lateral Geniculate nc.] A: Aff= Optic Tract &amp; [SUP colliculus] --> nc B: Eff= nc---> [Area 17 CPVC] C: [Specific Relay nuclei]</p>

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15
Q

<p>A: What Afferents travel TO the Thalamic [medial Geniculate] nc. B: Where does the Efferent fibers of the Thalamic [medial Geniculate] nc. project to? C: What type of Thalamic nucleus is the [medial Geniculate]</p>

A

<p>[medial Geniculate nc.] A: Aff= [inf colliculus] --> nc B: Eff= nc---> Primary Auditory Cortex C: [Specific Relay nuclei]</p>

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16
Q

<p>A: What Afferents travel TO the Thalamic [Lateral Dorsal ] nc. B: Where does the Efferent fibers of the Thalamic [Lateral Dorsal ] nc. project to? C: What type of Thalamic nucleus is the [Lateral Dorsal]</p>

A

<p>[Lateral Dorsal nc.] A: Aff= Hippocampus--> nc B: Eff= nc---> Cingulate cortex C: [Specific Relay nuclei]</p>

17
Q

<p>A: What Afferents travel TO the Thalamic [LP &amp; Pulvinar ] nc. (4) B: Where does the Efferent fibers of the Thalamic [LP &amp; Pulvinar] nc. project to? C: What type of Thalamic nuclei are the [LP &amp; Pulvinar]</p>

A

<p>[(Lateral POST) &amp; Pulvinar nc.] A: Aff= [SUP colliculus]/[Area 17 CPVC]/ [Primary auditory cortex]/Somatosensory Cortex -----> nc B: Eff= nc---> {PPLTAC} "Posterior Parietal and Lateral Temporal Association Cortex" C: [Association nuclei]</p>

18
Q

<p>A: What Afferents travel TO the Thalamic [Dorsomedial] nc. (3) B: Where does the Efferent fibers of the Thalamic [Dorsomedial] nc. project to? C: What type of Thalamic nucleus is the [Dorsomedial]</p>

A

<p>[Dorsomedial nc.] A: Aff= [Prefrontal Cortex]/Olfactory/Limbic -----> nc B: Eff= nc---> PreFrontal Cortex C: [Association nuclei]</p>

19
Q

<p>A: What Afferents travel TO the Thalamic [Intralaminar] nc. (3) B: Where does the Efferent fibers of the Thalamic [Intralaminar] nc. project to? C: What type of Thalamic nucleus is the [Intralaminar]</p>

A

<p>[Intralaminar nc.] A: Aff= [Reticular Formation]/[BasalGanglia]/limbic -----> nc B: Eff= nc---> Cerebral Cortex/[BasalGanglia]/limbic C: [Non-Specific nuclei]</p>

20
Q

<p>A: What Afferents travel TO the Thalamic [Thalamic RETICULAR nucleus] (2) B: Where does the Efferent fibers of the Thalamic [Thalamic RETICULAR nucleus] project to? C: What type of Thalamic nucleus is the [Thalamic RETICULAR nucleus] D: What is Different of this Thalamic nucleus from the others?</p>

A

<p>[Thalamic RETICULAR nucleus] A: Aff= Thalamus &amp; Cortex-----> nc B: Eff= nc---> ONLY other Thalamus nuclei C: [Non-Specific nuclei] D: Aside from this [Thalamic RETICULAR nucleus], All OTHER thalamic nuclei "decide" where info should go in Cerebral cortex</p>

21
Q

Connections between Thalamus β€”> Cerebral Cortex & SubCortical structures go thru the ___ _____

  1. Anterior interconnections travel thru ___ limb of ___ _____ to Reach _____ & ______
  2. SUPERIOR interconnections travel thru ___ limb of ___ _____ to Reach _____ , ______ & ____
  3. Posterior interconnections travel thru ___ ___ _____ to Reach _____ , ______ & ____
  4. INFERIOR interconnections travel thru ___ ___ _____ to Reach _____ & ______
A

Connections between Thalamus β€”> Cerebral Cortex & SubCortical structures go thru the INTERNAL CAPSULE

  1. Anterior interconnections travel thru ANT limb of Internal Capsule to Reach Prefrontal & Cingulate Gyrus
  2. SUPERIOR interconnections travel thru POST limb of Internal Capsule β€”->premotor/motor/somatosensory cortex
  3. Posterior interconnections travel thru retrolenticular Internal Capsule β€”->Occipital/POST parietal/temporal LOBES
  4. INFERIOR interconnections travel thru SubLenticular Internal Capsuleβ€”>ANT temporal & Orbital Cortex
22
Q

<p>Intralaminar nc. and [thalamic reticular nuclei] are both types of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ functional group</p>

A

<p>Intralaminar nc. and [thalamic reticular nuclei] are both types of the NON-SPECIFIC functional group</p>