12

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

as a charecteristic patter of thinking, feeling, and behaving which is unique to each individual. Remaining consistent over time and contexts

Question 2

idiographic approach

Answer 2

creating detailed descriptions of a specific persons charecteristics

Question 3

nomothetic approach

Answer 3

examine personality inlarge groups of peop;e with the aim of making generalizations about persona;ity structure.

Question 4

personality the DJiI’mrait

Answer 4

a persons habitual patterns of thinking, feeling anf behaving

Question 5

barnum effect

Answer 5

barnum\; to believe their personalities were being measured wehrn they are not

Question 6

factor analysis

Answer 6

used to group items that people respond to similarly

Question 7

five factor model

Answer 7

a trait based theory of personality based on the finding that personality can be described using five dimensions

Question 8

honesty humility, hexaco model

Answer 8

a six factor theory that generallly replicates the five factors of the ffm honesty humilidty

Question 9

the dark triad

Answer 9

machiavellianism psychopathy and narcissism

Question 10

machiavellianism

Answer 10

to be manipulative and deceitful. dont respect others and are self intrested

Question 11

psychopathy

Answer 11

shallow emotiional responses

Question 12

right wing authoritarianism

Answer 12

obeying orders
supporting aggressin towards those who differ from order
believing strongly in maintiaingin ecxisting social order

Question 13

state

Answer 13

a temporary phyiscal or psychological engagement that inflluence behavior

Question 14

states based off what

Answer 14

location associatioin, activities and subjective states

Question 15

what is a behaviourist

Answer 15

personalities are behaviours influenced by environment which have been reinforced by consequences

behaviour is repeated when it is reinforced, and that behaviour is extinguished when it is punished.

Question 16

reciprical determinism

Answer 16

behavior, internal factors and external factors interacct with one another that create a personality

Question 17

social cognititve perspecitve says

Answer 17

behavior, environment and (personal cognitive factors, beliefs, expectancies and personal dispositions) all influence one another

Question 18

Weird vs non weid cultures

Answer 18

most of personality research has been done in weird countries, they do not apply to other cultures necessaril

Question 19

twin study result and adoption study

Answer 19

twins were similar and adopted kids together were no more similar in personality than two people off the street.

Question 20

What does this mean

Answer 20

most parents do not deviate from norms enough to change the personality of a child

Question 21

wi fast and slow exploring?

Answer 21

was genetically caused creating different personality and bravery

Question 22

big 5 works on animals?

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

why does personality exist

Answer 23

to promote survival and reproductive success

Question 24

wi evidence to support evolutionary personality

Answer 24

personality traits can be found in non humans

Question 25

wi humourism

Answer 25

all illness result in imbalmnce of humors.

Question 26

wi phrenology

Answer 26

personality personality charectheristics could be measured by skull measurement

Question 27

wi arousal theory of extraversion

Answer 27

extraversion is determined by a person's threshold for arousal

Question 28

wi ascending reticular activation system

Answer 28

plays a role in controlling this arousal response. initial proposal that extraverts have a lower resting baseline of activations. ie. extraverts are chronically at a lower state of arousal. But truth is reactivity. introverts have a greater response to stimui

Question 29

wi behavioural activation system

Answer 29

is a go system arousing the person to pursue goals 552

Question 30

extraversion and brain

Answer 30

less activation in amygdala.. | More reward sensitivity

Question 31

Neuroticism

Answer 31

: Neuroticism is associated with the size of various brain areas, such as a smaller dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, a smaller hippocampus, and a larger mid-cingulate gyrus (an area right above the corpus callosum; DeYoung et al., 2010). Each of these areas is involved in abilities that are central to neuroticism. The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex is involved in controlling emotions (Ochsner & Gross, 2005), the hippocampus in controlling obsessive negative thinking (Gray & McNaughton, 2000), and the midcingulate gyrus in detecting errors and perceiving pain—whether physical or emotional pain (Carter et al., 1998; Eisenberger & Lieberman, 2004). These are the kinds of processes that defi ne highly neurotic people. They have diffi culty controlling their emotions, often fall prey to obsessive negative thinking, and are highly sensitive when they make mistakes, or when they feel pain.

Question 32

Agreeableness

Answer 32

People high in agreeableness show less brain volume in an area called the left superior temporal sulcus (DeYoung et al., 2010), which is activated when one is interpreting another person’s actions or intentions (Pelphrey & Morris, 2006). They also show greater volume in an area called the posterior cingulate cortex, which is involved in empathy and perspectivetaking (DeYoung et al., 2010). These brain areas match the tendency for people high in agreeableness to be more socially attuned and to have more empathy for others.

Question 33

Conscientiousness

Answer 33

People high in this trait have larger brain volume in the middle frontal gyrus in the left prefrontal cortex (DeYoung et al., 2010), which is involved in working memory processes and in carrying out actions that you have planned. These functions are implicated in eff ective self-control, which is a key strength of the highly conscientious person.

Question 34

Openness to Experience

Answer 34

Individuals high in openness to experience have been shown to have greater activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which is involved in creativity and intelligence, as well as other brain systems involved in the integration of the self and the environment (Adelstein et al., 2011). These systems refl ect the tendencies for people high in openness to be creative, integrative thinkers

Question 35

id

Answer 35

represents a collection of basic biological drives, | including those directed toward sex and aggression

Question 36

superego

Answer 36

is comprised of our values and moral | standard

Question 37

ego

Answer 37

decison maker

Question 38

defence mechanisms

Answer 38

unconscious strategies | the ego uses to reduce or avoid anxiety

Question 39

fixation

Answer 39

becoming preoccupied with pleasure from a certain stage

Question 40

stages of psychosexual development

Answer 40

oral anal phalic latency genital

Question 41

projective tests

Answer 41

ambigious images are shown and unconcious images are projected

Question 42

thematic apperception test

Answer 42

which asks repondents to tell stories about ambigious pictures involving various interpresonal situations

Question 43

analytic psychology

Answer 43

unconcious archaty[es

Question 44

personal unconcious

Answer 44

vast repo of experiences and patterns absorbed through entire experimental unfolding of the persons life

Question 45

collective unconcious

Answer 45

is a sepereate non personal realm of unconcious that holds collective memories and mythologies of mind

Question 46

inferiority | complex

Answer 46

, the struggle many people have with feelings of inferiority, which stem from experiences of helplessness and powerlessness during childhoo

Question 47

person-centred | perspective

Answer 47

people are | basically good,

Question 48

self-actualization

Answer 48

drive to grow and fulfi ll one’s potential

Question 49

humanistic theories

Answer 49

free will

Question 50

cross modal matching

Answer 50

different sense

Question 51

habituation dishabituation

Answer 51

better understand what they percieve. Familizing till unintrested . dishabutation is changing it to see if intrest is regained

Question 52

Conservation

Answer 52

same thing even if arranged differently

Question 53

Preoperational

Answer 53

theory of mind