Exam Flashcards

Question

classical conditional

Answer 1

association

Answer 2

he correlation between personality and behaviour is not all that high ➢ E.g., introverted people do not actually spend much more time alone than extraverted people do

Answer 3

Distort facts to make it easier

Answer 4

This is where a person goes beyond denial and behaves in the opposite way to which he or she thinks or feels (A. Freud, 1936). By using the reaction formation, the id is satisfied while keeping the ego in ignorance of the true motives.

Answer 5

attriubte their own things to others

Answer 6

move back in time psychologically

Answer 7

another target eg dog instead ofboss

Answer 8

stockholm syndrome

Answer 9

satisfyin gimpulse into something positive

Answer 10

apperception test. Shown an amibgious scene make up a story about the scene

Answer 11

0-2zygote goes through tubes ,cells divide

Answer 12

2-8 zygot implants and begins to differentialte

Answer 13

9-40 stuff develops

Answer 14

timing changes structures: fetal alcohol changes

Answer 15

will grap anthing

Answer 16

if something touches side of baby head, theyll turn it

Answer 17

arm extends on side head isturned

Answer 18

puberty and refinement of prefrontal cortex. Pschologically: identity sexuality, morality and self esteem

Answer 19

superficial, like things they like, self enhancement to try new things. KIMBA. For resileance to do. declines due to social comparison

Answer 20

stable across lifespan,

Answer 21

erik erikson: developed theory of conflicts and resolution. Teenage conflic is identtiy formation and abstract thinking. Sself socialization.

Answer 22

sensory systems decline, neuron death. slwoing of cognitive processes. Better cognitive strategy. lose episodic memory

Answer 23

academic, economi and occupational success. but stadnerdized test only apeal to learning/knowledge. Also this has selfperpetuating problems

Answer 24

Genetics. family environment from parental involvement, stimulation. Negatively correlated with low maternal education and poorness

Answer 25

education changes factual knowledge and slight fluid. etc

Answer 26

reaction time viable, sight (not true), speed of association, head size

Answer 27

first iq test from puzzles object naming and counting

Answer 28

carrols three tiered, G which comes from fluid and crystallized and due to speicifc abilities

Answer 29

lingustic, logical, musical, nature, body, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal. Evidence: Different areas at different time, differnt parts of brain, kids learn best from intelligence used

Answer 30

through WISC and WAIC Adult and children specific abilities standofr binet IQ is mean of 100 with sd of 15. Different test for each age

Answer 31

short term reliabilitTest retest is good Long ter m reliabilty Doest really predict future

Answer 32

IQ scores inrease due to: more education more info and more nutrition. Prevelent in poor and lower iq areas

Answer 33

no due to limit on intellignce. top is growing so

Answer 34

define as the ability to reason about emotions and use emotions to enhance reasoning, and the management and detection of emotions

Answer 35

neural responses, subjective feelings, pysiological responses, cogntiive responses. HAs dimensions of valence and intesitity

Answer 36

three componenets of emotion: | perception of stimulus, physiological state, cognitive interpretation of the stimulus.

Answer 37

stimuluse triggers physiological triggers emotion

Answer 38

experience physiological state and emotional state at the same time

Answer 39

stimulus triggers physiological state and brain interprets t hat state

Answer 40

Fast fear stimulus: thalmus -> amygdala> emotion Thinking Fear -> thalmus > ensory cortex > prefrontal cortex> realize whats actually si going on

Answer 41

self soothing, imitate what parents do, gaze aversion

Answer 42

pysiological and cognitive strategies, distraction, surpression, affect labeling ,reapprasial.

Answer 43

facial expressions are universal, based on evolution | facial feedback hypothesis feedback on emotion

Answer 44

``` intensification, deintensitication, masking, neutralizing fake emotons: morpholoy and assymetric facial ones are longer temporal patterning: microexpressions ```

Answer 45

reproduction, altruism, cooperation, aggresion. Humans are ultrasocial

Answer 46

animal aggresses when their desires are frustrated. Organism a is frustrated for food by b so attacks b. Humans are capable of aggresing due to annoy

Answer 47

testosterone lowers threat assesments.

Answer 48

changes way we think, cooperation is less risky

Answer 49

group discussion on knowledge everyone solves

Answer 50

groups make decisons more extreme than a single member would make (same beliefs)

Answer 51

consensus are reached easily

Answer 52

less worried with personal vlaues

Answer 53

lesss responsiblity

Answer 54

benifit others. Kinship altruism and reciprical altruism.

Answer 55

time makes people more attracted to each other

Answer 56

hedonic: get stuff for work. Can backfire: rewarded for drawing vs no reward. Approval: for others to like us

Answer 57

conform to other peoples

Answer 58

wrong answers given by group, 75% of participents fell in

Answer 59

electric shocks: due to authority

Answer 60

relationship between physical and psychological health

Answer 61

the physical and psychological response to external stressors

Answer 62

acute/chronic processors which place demand n a person or threaten well being

Answer 63

asked to report stressful events.

Answer 64

assigning points to various stressful life events

Answer 65

placed into room people with silence or control performed well on task. People without control did not. Perceved control affects stress

Answer 66

less gray matter, more tv, heart disesase

Answer 67

increased heart respiration rate, more cortisol

Answer 68

alarm phase, resistence phase,: adapts to stress shuts down non stress exhaustion body cannot cope with out processes being take down

Answer 69

shuts down.: high stress means less ability to fight off. people with leisons healed slower when stressed

Answer 70

detail oriented, impatient, hostile, urgent, competitive.

Answer 71

primary appraisial wheter something is stressful, can you handle it

Answer 72

repressive: avoiding things that remind us of it Rational coping: facing a strugle and working to overcome it reframing changing the way you thing about stress

Answer 73

increases myelintation and connectivity

Answer 74

concously do nothing

Answer 75

aerobic reduces stress: | Causation has been determined due to increase in serotonin and endorphin production

Answer 76

anxiety can increase symptoms

Answer 77

persistent disturbance or dysfunction in behaviour thoughts or emotions that causes significant distress or impairment

Answer 78

abnormal psychological experiences are classified as illnesses with biological causes

Answer 79

abnormal phsycological expereinces are illnesses with biological, psychological and social causes

Answer 80

study of mental disorders

Answer 81

ICD10: all in one book by WHO Outside of NA DSM5 American psycicatric association by americans

Answer 82

22 catergories chareticistsc to diagnosis Include 3: -signifigicant distress/ affect to functioning -cannot be attributed to substances or medical conditions -cannot be better describe by another Charetherised by onset> prognosis > risk factors > comobidirty ( what else is likely)

Answer 83

anxiety is fear without threat

Answer 84

reduces fitness for survival

Answer 85

generalized, phobic or panic disorders

Answer 86

anxiety for more days than not for 6 months about more than 1 event:

Answer 87

states that all human motivation is pain avoiding and pleasure seeking

Answer 88

Darwin believed that emotional expressions had as their evolutionary purpose the approach/avoidance of positive/negative stimuli. Disgust, for example, is characterized by closing of sensory organs (nose, mouth, eyes) to avoid harmful stimuli.

Answer 89

Extrinsic motivation involves taking into account future consequences or benefits of a behaviour. Intrinsic motivation involves engaging in a behaviour that is immediately gratifying.

Answer 90

According to Carroll, intelligence consists of three tiers. At the top is general intelligence (g), followed by basic intelligence (e.g., crystallized and fluid intelligence), and finally specific abilities (e.g., perception, generalization, problem solving)

Answer 91

The left side of Jenny's smile is higher than the right side is.

Answer 92

Galton's anthropometric approach used sensory tests to determine how accurately people perceived stimuli, which he believed was a direct measure of their intelligence.

Answer 93

From "Psychological Measures of Sexual Motivation": Physical, personal, and social factors underlie sexual sexual motivation. Reproduction ranked very far down the list

Answer 94

seeing and navigating the world

Answer 95

More optimistic people tend to adhere better to physicians' instructions than do less optimistic people. More optimistic people tend to have more social contact during illness than less optimistic people do. More optimistic people tend to have more energy for physical activity than less optimistic people do.

Answer 96

Normative influence refers to the way norms within a specific environment shapes our behaviours and actions. Norms are obeyed religiously since they make people more likable.

Answer 97

Robert Yerkes and John Dodson theorized that too little or too much stress or emotional arousal would both lead to sub-optimal performance. Individuals would be at their best when under a moderate amount of stress. See Fig. 14.5: Performance is related to at least two critical factors- the difficulty of the task and the level of arousal/ stress while it is being performed. For easy tasks, moderately high arousal helps; for difficult tasks, lower levels of arousal are optimal.

Answer 98

Robert Yerkes and John Dodson theorized that too little or too much stress or emotional arousal would both lead to sub-optimal performance. Individuals would be at their best when under a moderate amount of stress. See Fig. 14.5: Performance is related to at least two critical factors- the difficulty of the task and the level of arousal/ stress while it is being performed. For easy tasks, moderately high arousal helps; for difficult tasks, lower levels of arousal are optimal.

Answer 99

Fig. 14.8: Relationship quality is related to physiological responses. Higher oxytocin and vasopressin levels are associated with positive social interactions between married couples.

Answer 100

Humans tend to be more attracted to individuals whom they meet in highly arousing situations, even if the arousal is negative.

Answer 101

The sickness response can be activated by physical illness, such as influenza, as well as by psychological problems, such as depression or anxiety.

Answer 102

According to the stress scale, certain events are more likely to cause high levels of stress than others. Not all stressful events are "bad". Some, like marriage, are often considered "good", but are still stressful.

Answer 103

Physical attractiveness is the most important factor in attraction AT FIRST. Later, psychological attributes become more important. Since this is the first time Mary has met any of these men, physical attractiveness is the most important.

Answer 104

Holmes and Rahe collected patients' self-reported stressors as well as their actual medical history.

Answer 105

The common knowledge effect leads to group discussions revolving around information that everyone shares. In this instance, although they are tasked with using a well-rounded approach, their backgrounds may limit them to approach the case from a limited point of view.

Answer 106

ost intrinsic motivation, gained extrinsic motivation

Answer 107

Social facilitation occurs when one's performance is affected by the presence of others. For example, Triplett (1898) found that cyclists ride faster when racing against each other than when trying to beat the clock.

Answer 108

As a person with depression begins to emphasize negative, self-defeating, and self-critical thoughts, they develop a characteristic depressive or "pessimistic explanatory style". A person's explanatory style involves a set of cognitive habits that are important psychological precursors to depression. When faced with the inevitable negative events of life, people with a pessimistic explanatory style tend to make the worst of them (instead of making the best of them), so to speak.

Answer 109

Psychoanalytic therapists often ask patients to engage in free recall or free speech, in which they discuss whatever comes to mind. In traditional psychoanalysis, the patient sits where they cannot see the therapist.

Answer 110

Transference invoves clients directing certain patterns or emotional experiences toward the therapsit, rather than the original person involved in the experiences.

Answer 111

The best answer here is that anxiety is maladaptive when it interferes with normal functioning. If a person is facing legitimate future threats for an extended period of time, then it would be adaptive for anxiety to last longer than usual. Similarly, it may be adaptive for us to feel anxiety in certain social situations, if it prevents us from embarrassing ourselves or from doing something we know is wrong. Finally, although intense anxiety can trigger physiological responses, this can be warranted if it is proportional to the magnitude of the threat.

Answer 112

activators beliefs conseuqneces

Answer 113

Negative symptoms are the ABSENCE of adaptive functioning. Positive symptoms are the PRESENCE of maladaptive functioning.